심리학적 미술 감상 모델 연구 동향과 비엔나 통합 모델(VIMAP)에 관한 고찰 = A review of psychological art appreciation model research trends and the Vienna Integrated Model (VIMAP)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미술 감상 모델은 심리학에서 매력적인 연구 대상으로 인식되면서 학제적으로 활발한 연구가 일어나고 있다. 이 연구는 그러한 동향을 파악하여 미술교육에 주는 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 이에 Leder 외의 미적 경험 모델, Silvia의 감정 평가 모델, Pelowski & Akiba의 인지심리학적 관점에서의 미술 감상 모델, Cupchik의 모델에서 4개의 감상 반응 개념, 그리고 가장 최근의 VIMAP를 논의하였다. 또한 감상에서 유발되는 다양한 정서, 생리적 프로파일, 그리고 이것들이 뇌의 다양한 부위를 자극하며 정보를 연결하여 미술을 판단하고 행동으로 유도한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 심리학적 관점에서 감상자가 작품을 감상할 때 작품에서 얻은 정보와 자신의 기존 스키마와 일치성, 자기와의 관련성, 그리고 작품의 과잉 난이도로 인해 스키마 불일치 시 대처 행동 개념을 인식했다. 이 연구는 이러한 이해로부터 미술 교수 학습과 미술교육론 측면에서 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 먼저 감상할 작품의 적절한 참신성과 복잡성, 감상자의 관심사와의 관련성, 감상자의 스키마에 도전하는 작품을 지속 감상하도록 할 학습 자료 제공이 중요하다는 점, 다음으로 지각과 전인교육으로서 미술 감상 교육의 중요성 인식이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Art appreciation models have been recognized as a fascinating area of research in psychology and have been the subject of active interdisciplinary research. This study sought to identify these trends and explore their implications for art education. The study discussed Leder et al.'s model, Silvia's model of emotional evaluation, Pelowski and Akiba's model, the four concepts of appreciative response in Cupchik's model, and the most recent VIMAP. It identified the different emotional and physiological profiles evoked by art appreciation, and the fact that they stimulate different parts of the brain and connect information. This study also recognized how viewers perceive the information they receive from an artwork, its congruence with their present schema, its relevance to their interests, and their coping behavior. From this understanding, the study drew the following implications for art education: first, it emphasizes the appropriate novelty and complexity of the artwork, relevant to the viewer's interests, and that they challenge the viewer's schema; second, it emphasizes the re-emphasis on art appreciation education as perception and holistic education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김두이 ; 안지연, "미술 감상은 왜 지루한가?-미술 감상 경험에서 나타나는 지루함 모델 개발을 위한 이론적 탐색 연구" 35 (35): 74-100, 2021
• 2 국립현대미술관, "국립현대미술관 감상 교육 활성화 방안 연구" 국립현대미술관 미술관교육과 2022
• 3 Menninghaus, W., "What Are Aesthetic Emotions?" 126 (126): 171-195, 2019
• 4 Pelowski, M., "Visualizing the Impact of Art: An Update and Comparison of Current Psychological Models of Art Experience" 10 : 160-, 2016
• 5 Cupchik, G. C., "Viewing artworks : Contributions of cognitive control and perceptual facilitation to aesthetic experience" 70 : 84-91, 2009
• 6 Banerjee, S., "Unraveling Causal Mechanisms of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Visuospatial Attention with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation" 7 : 451-475, 2017
• 7 Koelsch, S., "The quartet theory of human emotions: an integrative and neurofunctional model" 13 : 1-27, 2015
• 8 Cupchik, G. C., "The digitized self in the internet age" 5 : 318-328, 2011
• 9 Ishizu, T., "The brain’s specialized systems for aesthetic and perceptual judgment" 37 : 1413-1420, 2013
• 10 Csikszentmihalyi, M., "The art of seeing: an interpretation of the aesthetic encounter" J. Paul Getty Museum and Getty Center for Education in the Arts 1990
• 11 Skov, M., "The Nature of Perception and Emotion in Aesthetic Appreciation: A Response to Makin’s Challenge to Empirical Aesthetics" 15 (15): 470-483, 2021
• 12 Shiota, M. N., "The Nature of Awe : Elicitors, Appraisals, and Effects on Self-Concept" 21 (21): 944-963, 2007
• 13 Leder, H., "Ten years of a model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments: the aesthetic episode – developments and challenges in empirical aesthetics" 105 : 443-464, 2014
• 14 Pelowski, M., "Tears and transformation : feeling Like crying as an indicator of insightful or ‘aesthetic’ experience in empirical study of art" 6 (6): 1-23, 2015
• 15 Morgan, R. L., "Structure of emotions" 51 (51): 19-31, 1988
• 16 Leder, H., "See me, feel me! Aesthetic evaluations of art portraits" 7 : 358-369, 2013
• 17 Tschacher, W., "Physiological correlates of aesthetic perception of artworks in a museum" 6 : 96-103, 2012
• 18 Cooper, J. M., "Opposing art: rejection as an action tendency of hostile aesthetic emotions" 27 : 109-126, 2009
• 19 Silvia, P. J., "On personality and piloerection : individual differences in aesthetic chills and other unusual aesthetic experiences" 5 : 208-214, 2011
• 20 Leder, H., "Next steps in neuroaesthetics: which processes and processing stages to study?" 7 : 27-37, 2013
• 21 Chatterjee, A., "Neuroaesthetics : a coming of age story" 23 (23): 53-62, 2011
• 22 Chatterjee A., "Neuroaesthetics" 18 (18): 370-375, 2014
• 23 Pelowski, M., "Move me, astonish me... delight my eyes and brain: The Vienna integrated model of top-down and bottom-up processes in art perception (VIMAP) and corresponding affective, evaluative, and neurophysiological correlates" Advance online publication 2017
• 24 Packer, J., "Motivational factors and the visitor experience : a comparison of three sites" 45 : 183-198, 2002
• 25 Meskin, A., "Mere exposure to bad art" 2013
• 26 Silvia, P. J., "Looking past pleasure : Anger, confusion, disgust, pride, surprise, and other unusual aesthetic emotions" 3 : 48-51, 2009
• 27 Cupchik, G.C., "Layering in art and in aesthetic experience" 33 : 56-71, 2007
• 28 Forster, M., "It felt fluent, and I liked it: subjective feeling of fluency rather than objective fluency determines liking" 13 (13): 280-289, 2013
• 29 Rickard, N. S., "Intense emotional responses to music: a test of the physiological arousal hypothesis" 32 (32): 371-388, 2004
• 30 Prinz, J. J., "Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion" Oxford University Press 2002
• 31 Juslin, P., "From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: towards a unified theory of musical emotions" 10 : 235-266, 2013
• 32 Pelowski, M., "Failure and success in the perception ofart: a case for a failure-based model" 7 : 95-102, 2009
• 33 Gallese, V., "Embodied simulation. Its bearing on aesthetic experience and the dialogue between neuroscience and the humanities" 41 (41): 113-128, 2019
• 34 Rottenberg, J., "Crying threshold and intensity in major depressive disorder" 111 (111): 302-, 2002
• 35 Gerger, G., "Context effects on emotional and aesthetic evaluations of artworks and IAPS pictures" 28 : 174-183, 2014
• 36 Silvia, P. J., "Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology. Vol. 1. Personality and Everyday Functioning" John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 268-284, 2006
• 37 Carver, Ch, "Cognitive interference; theories, methods, and findings" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 25-46, 1996
• 38 Silvia, P.J., "Cognitive appraisals and interest in visual art: exploring an appraisal theory of aesthetic emotions" 23 : 119-133, 2005
• 39 Janata, P., "Characterisation of music-evoked autobiographical memories" 15 (15): 845-860, 2007
• 40 Jacobsen, T., "Brain correlates of aesthetic judgment of beauty" 29 : 276-285, 2006
• 41 Pelowski, M., "Beyond the Lab: An Examination of Key Factors Influencing Interaction: With ‘Real’ and Museum-Based Art" 11 (11): 245-264, 2017
• 42 Silvia, P. J., "Artistic training and interest in visual art: applying the appraisal model of aesthetic emotions" 24 : 139-161, 2006
• 43 Wagner, V., "Art schema effects on affective experience: the case of disgusting images" 8 (8): 120-129, 2014
• 44 Brieber, D., "Art in time and space: Context modulates the relation between art experience and viewing time" 9 (9): e99019-, 2014
• 45 Lacey, S., "Art for reward’s sake : visual art recruits the ventral striatum" 55 : 420-433, 2011
• 46 Cupchik, G.C., "Art and identity: essays on the aesthetic creation of mind. Consciousness, literature the arts" Rodopi 67-92, 2013
• 47 Keltner, D., "Approaching Awe, a Moral, Spiritual, and Aesthetic Emotion" 17 (17): 297-314, 2003
• 48 Silvia, P. J., "Anger, disgust, and the negative aesthetic emotions : expanding an appraisal model of aesthetic experience" 1 : 100-106, 2007
• 49 Torrance, E. P., "An instructional model for enhancing incubation" 13 (13): 23-35, 1979
• 50 Fingerhut, J., "Aesthetic Emotions Reconsidered" Oxford University Press 103 : 223-239, 2020
• 51 Pelowski, M., "A model of art perception, evaluation and emotion in transformative aesthetic experience" 29 : 80-97, 2011
• 52 Leder, H., "A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments" 95 : 489-508, 2004
• 53 Graf, L.K., "A dual-process perspective on fluency-based aesthetics: the pleasure-interest model of aesthetic liking" 19 : 395-410, 2015