영원한 이상으로서의 미(美)와 스타브로긴의 비극 = Beauty as Eternal Ideal and Stavrogin’s Tragedy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to examine a relationship between Stavrogin and female figures in Dostoevsky’s The Devils in the aspect of religious beauty and the salvation. One of famous thesis of Dostoevsky is “Beauty will save the world.” But the concept of his beauty does not mean an external beauty, but a beauty of mind, or more precisely, a beauty as a possibility of religious salvation. Stavrogin is a representative of Russian nihilist intelligentsia that has lost its relationship with Russian soil and people. Stavrogin is called the ontological principle of evil because he commits all kinds of ugly crimes in order to escape his own boredom and emptiness. Though he is one of the most powerful and greatest artistic creatures of Dostoevsky, he does not know how to use his power, and at last becomes a victim of his own relentless power. He has many disciplines who call him as their leader, their sun, and even their real god. But Stavrogin does not acknowledge that their belief and creed origin from his ideology.
In this article the focus is on female characters, Marya Lebyadkina, Lizaveta Tushina, Darya and Maria Shatova. They are from different social status and have different intellectual levels and various personalities, but they have one thing in common in an aspect that they are all fascinated by Stavrogin’s beauty and become a part of the tragic destiny of Stavrogin-Russian Don Juan. Marya Lebyadkina is mentally and physically unstable, but she was chosen as Stavrogin’s wife. Lizaveta is very beautiful and intelligent aristocra, and especially she is prominent as a woman of great self-respect. Shatov’s sister Darya has calm and submissive personality, but she confidently believes that she will be a nurse of Stavrogin at the end of his life. Shatov’s wife, Maria gives birth to a Stavrogin’s son. These female figures are confused by a relationship with Starvrogin and oscillate between love and hatred for him. The common reason of their obsession with him is his beauty and his gracious manners, but he does not love any of them.. He cannot love people and does not have a capacity to love them. He just needs them to escape a boredom and emptiness in his life.
Dostoevsky thought that spiritual and religious beauty will save a world and mankind. But Stavrogin’s beauty was just an appearance concealing his inner ugliness. In his mind there was no difference between lascivious and brutal acts and acts of sacrifice for mankind. But women figures could not see his mental conflict and frustration and his demonic nature hidden under his mask of beauty. For Dostoevsky, the eternal ideal of beauty is Christ, but Stavrogin was nothing but a mean imposter of Christ. And he leads both himself and the people around him into a tragedy.

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