칼빈과 드 브레(Guy de Brès, 1522-1567)의 신학적 관계

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Guy de Brès, famous as the author of the Belgic Confession, is receiving more research attention not only because he was a theologian and pastor who wrote the Belgic Confession, one of the Three Forms of Unity of the Reformed Church during the Reformation era. This is because he was martyred while protecting and spreading the reformed faith. Until now, de Brèss thoughts could only be understood through the Belgic Confession. However, thanks to a new publication, Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne, edited by Wim Moehn scheduled for publication in 2024, it has become possible to understand de Brès’s theology and the development of his thoughts more clearly and richly. De Brès published his first edition of Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne, in 1555 and continued to publish it for 10 years until 1565, and as many as 17 editions exist. What is especially important is that since all of his publications were made during his life time, the process of developing de Brèss Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne through each edition signifies his theological maturity. In particular, according to what we studied in this paper, each edition of de Brèss Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne developed as his theology reflected the theology of Calvin in Geneva.
In 1552 after de Brés returned to his homeland in 1552, he published the first edition of Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne in 1555. In addition to avoiding persecution, de Brès left the Netherlands to pursue further theological studies. He studied Greek and humanities under Beza in Lausanne around 1557, and followed Beza to Geneva, where he attended Calvins sermons and lectures for about two years, even though he probably didn’t graduated from the Geneva Academy. His theology would have reached the peak of theological maturity through listening to sermons directly. De Brès left Geneva in 1559 to minister to the Church of Tournai in his home country, the Netherlands. Therefore, the process of de Brés’s book developing through each edition signifies his theological maturity. In particular, each edition of Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne clearly shows how de Brès theology developed while reflecting Calvins theology.
At that time, there was a great sense of urgency to theologically protect the Reformed churches and their believers, who were facing a crisis from the theological counteroffensive of Catholicism in France and the French-speaking Netherlands. In this context, de Brès systematically wrote editions of Le Baston de la foy Chrestienne in 1555, 1558/1, 1558/2, and 1565 etc. containing biblical texts and the works of the Church Fathers in French according to theological themes.
Afterwards, de Brès Belgic Confession was published in 1561, and Calvins official theological evaluation of this work appears in a reply to a letter dated March 5, 1563, sent to the Reformed Church of the Southern Netherlands. Calvins reply was that if he truly wanted to maintain piety and the sincerity of his faith, it was natural for a believer to make a public confession of faith, emphasizing the need for a “solemn confession of faith (solennis fidei professio).” Because the Belgic Confession of Guy de Brés is consistent with the Word of God and the orthodox faith, Calvin argued that the totality of doctrines contained in this Belgic Confession is readily approve. In addition, Calvin agreed to the excommunication for the congregation.
Therefore, based on this study, it can be seen that de Brès was a faithful disciple of Calvin, and Calvin clearly recognized de Brèss Belgic Confession. Thus, it is clearly mentioned that Calvin and de Brès had very close theological communication.