역사신학 연구의 최근 동향 = Contemporary Trends of Church History Studies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to review and appraise recent studies on the church history and historical theology, which is mainly based on the published articles in the influential journals, dissertations and books in English speaking world. In this research, particular attention was given to the Protestant historians and theologians who reflect on some aspect of contemporary research interests. To trace and evaluate the contemporary progress of church history as a theological discipline is, like every other branch of learning，beneficial because all of us can derive greater professional awareness from surveying the general streams found in scholarly practices in recent years. However, especially in Korea, no specific attempt has ever been made to describe the modem trends of church history studies.
The church history studies is characterized by both diversity and uniformity. Arguments supporting different topical focuses, ranging from the early church to contemporary issues, have added variety to the situation. Despite this diversity, however, the most dominant trend in church history studies in recent generations is sociological approach to the historical and theological enterprise. From 1920’s so called ‘Chicago school’ pursued and provided historical theologians with a sociological perspective useful in trying to understand specific topics in church history studies, which became the main stream in recent years. This general framework provides us how, in the course of research, church historians gradually moved from ‘confessionalism’ of the reformational tradition. Church historians who have a special interest in sociological context of the religious affairs are not inclined to demonstrate doctrinal motive or efficacy. They are much more interested in delineating the impact of social conditions on religious teachings or theological debates instead of extolling religious influence on worldly patterns.
In the studies of early church history, high priority was given to early fathers, especially to the orthodox fathers including Athansius of Alexandria, Gregory of Nissa, which enabled a new interpretation on the early Christian thought. A special focal point of research was Augustine. Unceasing interest was given to his thought on various topics of theological issues. Johannes Divjak’ s discovery of some new materials including fifteenth-century manuscript by Augustine in 1970’ s at the municipal library of Marseilles that contained letters high-lighted a renewed interest in studies of Augustine and his times. In medieval church history, issues such as mysticism and spirituality, saints as a culture type, history of popes and papacy, and Christian thought in later years of the medieval church were favoured field of studies by the Protestant scholars. Historiographical analysis helps us to demonstrate the ongoing interest on the Reformation studies. There has been three main approaches to sixteen-century studies, that is sociological, exegetical and theological method. Each approaches have the relative value of applying to meet the needs of critical investigation. However, sociological approach challenged to pose different questions in the cultural context. Historians who honor theological priorities propose to research sixteen〜century history on the basis of ecclesiastical traditions and on wider religious settings or theological motives. With brief survey of the recent church history studies we can understand modem trends of historical studies, share current standards in scholarly activities.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 일반적 경향 - 사회학적 접근
• 1. 시카고 학파
• 2. 사회학적 연구가 강조된 요인들
• 3. '고백주의적' 패러다임으로부터의 이탈
• II. 초대교회사 분야
• 1. 교부들에 대한 새로운 연구
• 2. 어거스틴 연구
• 3. 어거스틴에 관한 새로운 사료의 발굴
• III. 중세교회사 분야
• 1. 중세사에 대한 새로운 관심
• 2. 신비주의와 영성
• 3. 지성사로서의 성자들에 대한 관심
• 4. 교황사
• 5. 후기 중세사 연구
• IV. 종교개혁사 분야
• 1. 세가지 유형의 16세기 연구
• 2. 신학사적(지성사적) 연구
• 3. 신학사적 연구의 두가지 경향성
• V. 맺는말