中共文化革命期에 있어서의 學生(紅衛兵)과 軍隊와의 關係 = Student-Military Relation in the Great Proletarian Culture Revolution Period in Communist China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper I shall attempt to describe real aspect of Military-Student relation during the Great Proletarian Revolution from the perspective of Mao's theory of contradiction.
To achieve this aim, I shall also attempt to clarity some major concerns : interrelation between Mao's personality and political action, political turmoil and the stability of political system.
As we see, Socialist Education Movement, in fact, is the strategy of conflict created by Mao Tse-tung in order to test the strength of Liuist group on the course of takeover. But it was not successful in coping with Liuist group.
Mao now began to draw upon the Army's experience in coping with more extensive political difficulties, and on Lin Piao's support in his deeping conflict with the party organization. Judging from this context, it might to well assumed that Mao had already prepared to seize power in this period.
This is, of course, the indication of group conflict strategy toward victory in power struggle. Mao began to turn to the new generation to attack enemy. Mao's advancing age constituted an important limit on the reassertion of his authority.
However, his determination to institutionalize his own conception of new political life for China led him to seek a way of passing on the lesson of the revolution to a new generation. He was seeking a way to combine theory without relying on bookish recitations alone. At some point, before the summer or 1996 Mao conceptualized a way of confronting in "unity and struggle" both the opposition of long-time Party leaders and political immaturity of the younger generation. In the rebellion of student revolutionaries and bring them into a place of influence within China's political life.
On the one hand, Mao drew upon Student Red Guard to check the PLA. But they were harmonized with each other while attacking the capitalist-roaders. Thus, Mao decided to make use of his alliance. As we have seen the outstanding contrast between Student Red Guard and bureaucrat on the one hand, and Student Red Guard and PLA on the other hand, is the reflection of the law of the unity of opposites. Student Red Guard created the PLA to use armed forces in order to check the Red Guard. The incredible turmoil of 1967 and 1968 which appears to have nearly undermined the ability of Mao and Lin Piao ride out the Luan of their to wrest political control from the party organization. Perhaps the passage of time will give a better perspective to the factional conflict and violence which appears to have brought China on the verge of Civil War.
As the turmoil progressed, Mao initiated rebellion which is called 'January Storm' of Shanghai. Workers and peasants were involved in this rebellion. Finally they established Shanghais Commune. This led to another political chaos.
When Mao confronted confusion, he had lost the stability of mind. However, Mao soon restored his balance of mind. In psychological dimension, we can find that Mao has the dualism of mind ; frustration and courage, nihilism and confidence. But Mao derived 'unity' from psychological confusion and he used to link psychological dimension with the political action.
Mao regarded Luan as creative political conflict in rebuilding new political order. Mao pressed hard to purge the peoples in authority taking the capitalist road by grand alliance. In the wake of confusion, Mao's enduring concern about workers and peasants meant that he expressed his determined will to keep firmly the principle of Marxism-Leninism.
As is viewed from the above mentioned, Mao took advantage of Military and student to seize power.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• <目次>
• 序論 = 25
• Ⅰ. 紅衛兵의 發動을 위한 論戰과 葛藤 = 26
• Ⅱ. 紅衛兵의 出現 = 27
• Ⅲ. 劉少奇肅淸 = 31
• Ⅳ. 紅衛兵의 亂動과 '一月暴風' = 35
• Ⅴ. 人民解方軍의 投入 = 38
• Ⅵ. 紅衛兵의 牽制와 人民解放軍의 政治的 浮刻 = 42
• Ⅶ. 結論 = 45