아동학대범죄의 사전예방을 위한 가정방문지원 - 미국의 Healthy Families America(HFA)의가정방문프로그램을 중심으로 - = Home Visiting Support Program for Preventive Prevention of Child Abuse

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

HFA-is rooted in the belief that early, nurturing relationships are the foundation for life-long, healthy development. HFA delivers home visits to overburdened families, to help parents forge a strong bond with their child despite challenges such as single parenthood, low income, and depression that put children at risk for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect.
All HFA sites are required to adhere to 12 critical elements that serve as the framework for program development and implementation. The 12 critical elements are operationalized as best practice standards with specific criteria for rating site compliance. The critical elements include: Service Initiation 1. Initiate services prenatally or at birth.
2. Use a standardized assessment tool to systematically identify families who are most in need of services. This tool should assess the presence of various factors associated with increased risk for child maltreatment or other poor childhood outcomes.
3. Offer services voluntarily and use positive outreach efforts to build family trust.
Service Content 4. Offer services intensively (for example, at least once a week) with well-defined criteria for increasing or decreasing frequency of service and service over the long term (for example, three to five years).
5. Make services culturally competent such that the staff understands, acknowledges, and respects cultural differences among participants; staff and materials used should reflect the cultural, linguistic, geographic, racial, and ethnic diversity of the populations served.
6. Focus services on supporting the parent as well as supporting parent-child interaction and child development.
7. At a minimum, link all families to a medical provider to ensure optimal health and development. Link families to additional services, as needed.
8. Limit staff caseloads to ensure that home visitors have an adequate amount of time to spend with each family to meet their unique and varying needs and to plan for future activities.
Administration (Personnel, Staffing, Training, Supervision, Governance and Administration) 9. Select service providers because of their personal characteristics, their willingness to work in or their experience working with culturally diverse communities, and their skills to do the job.
10. Train service providers about their role so they understand the essential components of family assessment and home visitation.
11. Give service providers a framework, based on education or experience, for handling the variety of situations they may encounter when working with at-risk families. All service providers should receive basic training in areas such as cultural competency, substance abuse, reporting child abuse, domestic violence, drug-exposed infants, and services in their community.
12. Give service providers ongoing, effective supervision so that they are able to develop realistic and effective plans to empower families to meet their objectives; to understand why a family may not be making progress and how to work with the family more effectively; and to express their concerns and frustrations so that they can see that they are making a difference and avoid stress-related burnout.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

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참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 강동욱, "한국에 있어서 아동학대범죄의 처리절차에 관한 고찰 -「아동학대범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법」을 중심으로 -" 한국소년정책학회 26 : 213-240, 2014
• 2 원혜욱, "아동학대의 개념 및 실효적인 대책에 관한 검토 - 아동학대범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법을 중심으로 -" 법학연구소 18 (18): 31-60, 2015
• 3 보건복지부, "아동학대대책 1년, 아동학대 인식 개선 및 인프라 증가"
• 4 김은정, "아동학대 현황과 예방정책" 2016
• 5 박혜진, "바람직한 아동학대방지정책 마련을 위한 제언" 한국형사정책연구원 27 (27): 1-32, 2016
• 6 보건복지부, "국민기초생활보장 수급자 현황" 2016
• 7 Barbara Hanna Washik, "ホームビジテイング訪問型福祉の理論と実際" ミネルブア書房 2006
• 8 シドニー・ウエッセル, "ヘルシー・フアミリーズ・アメリカの12重大原則" 2008
• 9 "オレゴン州における子育て支援事業の内容と成果"
• 10 Healthy Families Oregon, "Policies & Procedures Manual"
• 11 Murphy, Orkow, "Nicola: Prenatal Prediction of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Study" 9 : 1985
• 12 "Key Outcomes From Oregon’s Healthy Start Program 2007-2008" NPC 2009
• 13 "Healthy Families America Rigorous Evidence"
• 14 "Healthy Families America Home Page"
• 15 보건복지부, "2015년 전국아동학대현황보고서" 2016