이기백의 한국고대사 연구와 사학사적 의의 = Lee Gi-baek's Research on the Ancient Korean History and its historiographical Meaning

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the academic journey of Lee Gi-baek's research on ancient history, his use of historical materials and his understanding of various documents and epigraphs, his understanding of the aristocracy as the ruling power in ancient society and its problems, and the historiographical meaning and influence of his research on ancient history. In the 1950s, he presented an introductory theory on the transformation of the Silla political system, and in the early 1960s, he conducted research that specifically validated the hypothesis-level thesis he had presented, based on a thorough analysis of historical materials. In the 1970s, he conducted research on the Six-dupum and King Galmun, while also developing a study on the history of ancient thought based on the research methodology of the history of social and historical thought. In addition, in the 1970s, he presented the view that the ancient state developed into the Town state-Allied kingdom-Centralized aristocratic state. In the 1980s, he focused on the study of Pure Land Faith and the Samgukyusa, and after 1990, he critically reviewed the various views criticizing his argument on the transformation of the Silla political system, while also publishing a number of papers that delved deeply into specific topics. The teacher actively utilized as historical material the early records of the Samguksagi, along with the Samgukyusa and the Dongyi chapter of Chinese historical texts, believing in their factuality. In contrast, he found it difficult to fully trust the records in the Nihonshoki. Furthermore, his reluctance to use records from Chinese and Japanese texts led to various issues in his research. He identified all officials of Goguryeo and Baekje, along with the 6~4-dupum of Silla, as aristocrats. Based on this foundation, he defined the state form of the Three Kingdoms as a centralized aristocratic state. In the middle ancient period of Silla, he defined the political form and political system of the time as aristocratic politics and the aristocratic coalition system, as the state administration was operated based on the consensus of the highest-ranking aristocrats. However, it can be noted that there was a lack of supporting materials to back up his views. From the perspective of Koreans, the teacher laid the groundwork for a progressive and systematic understanding of the development process of the history of the Three Kingdoms. In addition, he also drew attention in the academic community by proposing the theory of ancient state development based on the theory of the Allied Kingdom and arguing about the transformation of the Silla political system. And the teacher's understanding of Buddhism and Confucianism, which was studied based on the research methodology of the history of social and historical thought, is still supported by many researchers.