동유럽의 체제전환-유럽통합 관계에 대한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to show the correlation and dynamism between two big process which overwhelmed Central and Eastern Europe(CEE) since 1989: system change and European integration. The era of system change/Europeanization in this area can be divided into 3 stages : (1) rupture with old system, (2) consolidation of system change, (3) access to Europe. From the analysis of these 3 stages we can draw some conclusions on the subject of this paper. First, in many of CEE states, integration to EU was considered the last step of ongoing process of system change. Second, the relationship of Eastern European candidate states with EU as well as their perspective of EU access have varied according to system change types ('Central European model' and 'Balkan model'). Third, European integration functioned as stimulus and dynamism of change inside CEE states, and as EU access became reality, their political, economic system tended to converge. Fourth, in spite of the convergence tendency, there was still diversity in system change track among CEE states which explains diverse positions toward European integration. There exists three types of positions: the realistic position of Czech Republic; Balkan's position which considers European integration the last resort of escape from the uncertain changing process; Poland's position in the middle of the two extremes.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글의 목적은 1989년 혁명이후 유럽연합에 통합하기까지 중·동유럽국가들의 변화를 이끌어 온 체제전환과 유럽통합이라는 두 개의 큰 과정이 어떻게 상호 작용해왔는지 그 상관성과 역동성을 파악해보는 것이다. 이를 위해 중·동유럽의 체제전환/유럽화 시대를 두 과정의 진행 단계에 따라 (1)구체제와의 단절, (2)체제전환의 공고화/EU가입의 명시화, (3)유럽에의 진입 등의 세 시기로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론이 도출되었다. 첫째, 중·동유럽의 많은 국가들에서 EU에의 통합은 진행되고 있는 체제변화 과정의 마지막 단계로 인식되었다. 둘째, 체제전환의 유형('중유럽형'과 '발칸형')에 따라 EU와의 관계 및 통합 전망이 구분되는 경향을 확인하였다. 셋째, 유럽에의 통합은 모든 동유럽 국가들내에서 변화의 자극제이자 동력으로 작용하였으며 EU가입 전망이 가시화면서 이들 사이에 정치, 경제, 제도적 측면에서 일정한 수렴 현상이 일어났다. 넷째, 그럼에도 불구하고 중·동유럽 국가들 사이에 체제전환 과정의 차별화 현상도 지속되었으며 이는 EU가입에 대한 다양한 입장을 낳았다. 즉, 현실주의적인 체코 및 헝가리의 입장과 EU가입을 절망에서 벗어나는 최후의 수단으로 여기는 발칸의 입장, 그리고 그 중간의 폴란드 입장이 존재한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 이규영, "유럽연합(EU)의 중동유럽 확대: 라켄 유럽이사회 까지 현황과 전망" 대외경제정책연구원 2001
• 2 이무성, "루마니아와 불가리아: EU가입 및 그 함의" 11 (11): 2007
• 3 박채복, "동유럽국가의 EU가입과 유럽연합의 대응" (11) : 2000
• 4 윤덕희, "동유럽 공산주의 계승정당의 재출현에 관한 연구" 42 (42): 2002
• 5 La Documentation Francaise, "centrale 2002-2003. L’ancrage dans l’Union europeenne sur fond de tropisme americain,”Le Courrier des pays de l’Est" La Documentation Francaise 2003
• 6 Hooghe, L., "What Drives Euroskepticism? Party-Public Cueing, Ideology and Strategic Opportunity" 8 (8): 5-12, 2007
• 7 Chavance, Bernard, "Transformation systemique et integration europeenne dans les pays postsocialistes d’Europe, 1989-2004 in Les Incertitudes du Grand Elargissement: L’Europe centrale et balte dans l’integration europeenne" L’Harmattan 2004
• 8 KopeckA, P., "The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party on European Integration in East Central Europe" Ⅲ : 297-326, 2002
• 9 Lewis, P. G, "The European Union and Party Politics in Central and Eastern Europe" Macmillan 2006
• 10 O’Brennan, John, "The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union" Routledge 2006
• 11 Schimmelfenning, Frank, "The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union" 55 (55): 2001
• 12 Dauderstadt, Michael, "The Communist Successor Parties of Eastern and Central Europe and European Integration" 21 (21): 48-66, 2005
• 13 Phinnemore, David, "Stuck in the ‘Grey Zonee’- Fears and Frustrations in Romania’s Quest for EU Membership" 1 (1): 2000
• 14 Kolarska-Bobinska, Lena, "Pologne: L’integration europeenne comme aboutissement de la transformation Les Europeens, face l’elargissement: Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux" Presses de Sciences Po. 2004
• 15 Mair, P., "Political Parties and Democracy: What Sort of Future?" Ⅳ (Ⅳ): 2003
• 16 Bielasiak, J., "Party Systems and EU Accession: Euroscepticism in East Europe in Public Opinion about the EU in Post-Communist Eastern Europe" Berghahn 2005
• 17 Moravcsik, Andrew, "National Interests, State Power, and EU Enlargement" 17 (17): 2003
• 18 Tomaszewska, D., "L’opinion publique dans les dix pays candidats face l’elargissement: quel realisme, quelles solidarites in Les Europeens en 2003" Odile Jacob 304-, 2003
• 19 Osser, Bernard, "L’instabilite politique menace la Pologne" Le Figaro 2004
• 20 Tucny, Edwige, "L’elargissement de l’Union europeenne aux pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. La conditionnalite politique" L’Harmattan 2000
• 21 Boillot, Jean-Joseph, "L’Union europeenne elargie" La Documentation Francaise 2003
• 22 Lequesne, Christian et Jacques Rupnik, "L’Europe des Vingt-Cinq: 25 cartes pour un jeu complexe" Autrement 2005
• 23 Schimmelfenning, Frank, "Liberal Community and Enlargement: An Event History Analysis" 9 (9): 2002
• 24 Chavance, Bernard, "Les Incertitudes du Grand Elargissement: L’Europe centrale et balte dans l’integration europeenne" L’Harmattan 2004
• 25 Rupnik, Jacques, "Les Europeens, face l’elargissement: Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux" Presses de Sciences Po. 2004
• 26 Baltolini, S., "La structure des clivages nationaux et la question de I’integration dans I’Union Europeenne" Ⅳ : 15-45, 2001
• 27 La Serre. Francoise de, "La France et l’elargissement l’Est de l’Union europeenne" Annuaire francais des relations internationales, printemps 2004
• 28 Boudier-Bensebaa, Fabienne, "Investissement direct etranger, integration europeenne et trajectoires de developpement des PECO in Les Incertitudes du Grand Elargissement: L’Europe centrale et balte dans l’integration europeenne" L’Harmattan 2004
• 29 Timmins. Graham, "Introduction: The Next Wave of Enlargement: The European Union and Southeast Europe after 2004" 8 (8): 2004
• 30 Sjursen, Helen, "Introduction: Enlargement and the nature of the EU polity in Questioning EU Enlargement: Europe in search of Identity" Routledge 2006
• 31 Schimmelfenning, Frank, "International socialization in the new Europe:rational action in an institutional environment" 6 (6): 2000
• 32 Poole, Peter A., "Europe Unites: The EU’s Eastern Enlargemant" Praeger 2003
• 33 Neumayer, Laure, "Europe Centrale: Elements de comparaison: sondages, ingenierie electorale, referendums,”in Les Europeens, face l’elargissement: Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux" Presses de Sciences Po. 2004
• 34 Commission europnne, "Eurobarometre, 58, 60" Commission europnne 2004
• 35 Berchelt, T., "Euro-skepticism in the EU Accession Countries" Ⅱ : 29-50, 2004
• 36 Havel, Vaclav., "Entretien avec Jacques Rupnik" 98 : 2002
• 37 Flash Eurobarometre, "Elargissement de l’Union europeenne, 132/2, november. Grungerg, Gerard et Christian Lequesne. 2004, “France. Une societe mefiante, des elites sceptiques, in Les Europeens, face l’elargissement: Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux" Presses de Sciences Po. 2002
• 38 Lewis, P. G., "EU Enlargement and Party Systems in Central Europe" ⅩⅩI : 171-199, 2005
• 39 Pridham, G., "EU Enlargement and Consolidating Democracy in Postcommunist States: Formality and Reality" XL : 2002
• 40 Raik, K., "EU Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries: Democracy and Integration as Conflicting Logics" XVⅢ : 567-594, 2004
• 41 Taggart P., "Contemporary Euroscepticism in the Party Systems of the European Union Candidate States of Central and Eastern Europe" XLIII : 1-27, 2004
• 42 Fierke, K. M., "Constructing institutional interests: EU an NATO enlargement" 6 (6): 1999
• 43 Dimitrova, Antoaneta, "Bulgaria’s Road to the European Union: Progress, Problems and Perspectives" 2 (2): 2001
• 44 Krastev, Ivan, "Balkans: Enthousiasme pour une Europe imaginee et salvatrice in Les Europeens, face l’elargissement:Perceptions, acteurs, enjeux" Presses de Sciences Po. 2004
• 45 Bafoil, F., "Apr le communisme" Armand Colin 2002