연마 방법에 따른 3D 프린팅 레진의 색조 안정성과 표면 조도 의 비교 = Comparison of Color Stability and Surface Roughness of 3D Printing Resin by Polishing Methods

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to compare the color stability and surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D) printing resin according to polishing methods. 3D-printed resin specimens were fabricated at TC-80DP (Graphy, Seoul, Korea) with a stereolithography 3D printer, and the specimens were divided into three groups, each of which was not polished, was polished using Enhance®, and was polished using a Sof-LexTM disc. The CIE L*a*b* value and the surface roughness of each group were measured and immersed in artificial saliva and orange juice after 0, 1, 7, 30, and 60 days, and the color difference (ΔE*) was calculated. As a result of the study, no noticeable color change was observed in artificial saliva, but a noticeable color change was demonstrated in orange juice after 60 days of immersion, and the difference was significant. In the Sof-LexTM group, surface roughness according to the solution was found to be significantly higher in the orange juice than that in artificial saliva. No significant difference in color change was found according to the polishing method, but surface roughness was significantly lower in the Sof-LexTM group than both that of the unpolished group and that of the Enhance® group. Nevertheless, all groups exhibited clinically acceptable properties regardless of their higher surface roughness than the threshold for plaque accumulation. Overall, this study recommends utilizing Sof-LexTM for polishing 3D printing resin when used in primary anterior tooth coverage.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 3D 프린팅 레진의 연마 방법에 따른 색조 안정성과 표면 조도를 시간에 따라 비교하는 것이다. 3D 프린터와 TC-80DP 레진을 이용하여 3D 프린팅 레진 시편을제작하였고, 각 시편은 연마하지 않은 군, Enhance®군, Sof-LexTM군으로 분류되었다. 각군은 연마 직후 기준점을 측정하고, 다시 인공 타액과 오렌지 주스에 나누어 침전시킨 뒤, 침전 1, 7, 30, 60일에 CIE L*a*b* 값의 색차(ΔE*)와 각 시점의 표면 조도가 측정되었다.
연구 결과, 60일 침전 후 인공 타액에서는 육안으로 확인 가능한 정도의 색조 변화는 일어나지 않았으나 오렌지 주스에서는 육안으로 확인 가능한 색조 변화가 나타났고, 용액에 따른 차이는 유의미했다. 표면 조도는 Sof-LexTM군에서만 오렌지 주스가 인공 타액보다 유의하게 높았다. 연마 방법에 따른 색조 변화의 차이는 없었으나 표면 조도는 Sof-LexTM군이 연마하지 않은 군과 Enhance®군보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 모든 군에서 치태 침착 임계 조도보다는 높았지만, 임상적으로 허용 가능한 정도였다. 이번 연구 결과, 유전치 전장관 수복을 위해 영구 수복용 3D 프린팅 레진 사용 시 착색제 섭취에 유의해야 하며, Sof- LexTM를 이용하여 연마하는 것이 권장된다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 황성식 ; 임용운 ; 김시철 ; 전수경 ; 이해형, "치과용 아크릴 의치상 레진의 연마 방법에 따른 표면조도와 광택도" 대한치과재료학회 41 (41): 305-310, 2014
• 2 백민경 ; 김종철 ; 장기택, "연마방법에 따른 복합레진의 표면특성 평가" 대한소아치과학회 43 (43): 275-283, 2016
• 3 Bollen CM, "The Influence of Abutment Surface Roughness on Plaque Accumulation and Peri-implant Mucositis" 7 : 201-211, 1996
• 4 Almejrad L, "The Effects of Beverages and Surface Treatments on the Color Stability of 3D-Printed Interim Restorations" 31 : 165-170, 2022
• 5 Hassan AM, "The Effect of Three Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness of Flowable, Microhybrid, and Packable Resin Composites" 5 : 242-247, 2015
• 6 Attar N, "The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Procedures on the Surface Roughness of Composite Resin Materials" 8 : 27-35, 2007
• 7 Sunbul HA, "Surface and Bulk Properties of Dental Resin Composites after Solvent Storage" 32 : 987-997, 2016
• 8 Brooksbank A, "Surface Sealant Effect on the Color Stability of a Composite Resin Following Ultraviolet Light Artificial Aging" 44 : 322-330, 2019
• 9 Berastegui E, "Surface Roughness of Finished Composite Resins" 68 : 742-749, 1992
• 10 Radwan H, "Surface Roughness and Color Stability of 3D Printed Temporary Crown Material in Different Oral Media(In vitro study)" 7 : 327-334, 2021
• 11 Waggoner WF, "Restoring Primary Anterior Teeth : Updated for 2014" 37 : 163-170, 2015
• 12 Engler MLPD, "Residual Monomer Elution from Different Conventional and CAD/CAM Dental Polymers during Artificial Aging" 24 : 277-284, 2020
• 13 Jung M, "Polishing Occlusal Surfaces of Direct Class II Composite Restorations in vivo" 30 : 139-146, 2005
• 14 Liebermann A, "Physicomechanical Characterization of Polyetheretherketone and Current Esthetic Dental CAD/CAM Polymers after Aging in Different Storage Media" 115 : 321-328, 2016
• 15 Scotti CK, "Physical and Surface Properties of a 3D-Printed Composite Resin for a Digital Workflow" 124 : 614.E1-614.E5, 2020
• 16 Bagheri A, "Photopolymerization in 3D Printing" 1 : 593-611, 2019
• 17 Kim N, "Novel 3D Printed Resin Crowns for Primary Molars : In Vitro Study of Fracture Resistance, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis" 9 : 1445-, 2022
• 18 Lin CH, "Mechanical Properties, Accuracy, and Cytotoxicity of UV-polymerized 3D Printing Resins Composed of Bis-EMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA" 123 : 349-354, 2020
• 19 Bitencourt SB, "Long-term Stainability of Interim Prosthetic Materials in Acidic/staining Solutions" 32 : 73-80, 2020
• 20 Alharbi N, "Factors Influencing the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Full-Coverage Dental Restorations Using Stereolithography Technology" 29 : 503-510, 2016
• 21 Kumari RV, "Evaluation of the Effect of Surface Polishing, Oral Beverages and Food Colorants on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Nanocomposite Resins" 7 : 63-70, 2015
• 22 Shin JW, "Evaluation of the Color Stability of 3D-Printed Crown and Bridge Materials against Various Sources of Discoloration : An In Vitro Study" 13 : 5359-, 2020
• 23 Garcia CR, "Effects of Extreme Surface Roughness on 3D Printed Horn Antenna" 49 : 734-736, 2013
• 24 Karaarslan ES, "Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Resin Composites after Accelerated Aging" 32 : 58-67, 2013
• 25 Schmitt VL, "Effect of the Polishing Procedures on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite Resins" 2011 : 617672-, 2011
• 26 Dede DÖ, "Effect of Sealant Agents on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Composite Resins" 116 : 119-128, 2016
• 27 Barakah HM, "Effect of Polishing Systems on Stain Susceptibility and Surface Roughness of Nanocomposite Resin Material" 112 : 625-631, 2014
• 28 Berber A, "Effect of Different Polishing Systems and Drinks on the Color Stability of Resin Composite" 14 : 662-667, 2013
• 29 Schneider LFJ, "Curing Efficiency of Dental Resin Composites Formulated with Camphorquinone or Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine Oxide" 28 : 392-397, 2012
• 30 Taşın S, "Comparison of Surface Roughness and Color Stainability of 3-Dimensionally Printed Interim Prosthodontic Material with Conventionally Fabricated and CAD-CAM Milled Materials" 128 : 1094-1101, 2022
• 31 Berli C, "Comparing the Mechanical Properties of Pressed, Milled, and 3D-printed Resins for Occlusal Devices" 124 : 780-786, 2020
• 32 Shah P, "Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Surface Roughness after Debonding Using Four Finishing and Polishing Systems for Residual Resin Removal-an in vitro study" 20 : 18-, 2019
• 33 Paditar N, "Colour Stability : An Important Physical Property of Esthetic Restorative Materials" 1 : 81-84, 2010
• 34 Vichi A, "Color and Opacity Variations in Three Different Resin-based Composite Products after Water Aging" 20 : 530-534, 2004
• 35 Imirzalioglu P, "Color Stability of Denture Acrylic Resins and a Soft Lining Material against Tea, Coffee, and Nicotine" 19 : 118-124, 2010
• 36 Alifui-Segbaya F, "Characterization of the Double Bond Conversion of Acrylic Resins for 3D Printing of Dental Prostheses" 40 : E7-E11, 2019
• 37 Howell S, "An Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Enamel Surface Subsequent to Various Debonding Procedures" 35 : 245-252, 1990
• 38 Ngo TD, "Additive Manufacturing(3D Printing) : A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges" 143 : 172-196, 2018
• 39 Tahayeri A, "3D Printed versus Conventionally Cured Provisional Crown and Bridge Dental Materials" 34 : 192-200, 2018