工業地域 構造와 成長據點理論 = The Structure of Industrial District and Growth Center Theory
저자
林漢洙 (誠信女子大學校 社會科學大學 )
발행기관
誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所(Korean Institute of Geographical Research Sungshin Women's University)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1983
작성언어
Korean
KDC
980
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
27-53(27쪽)
제공처
This paper is an analysis of the Southeast Coast Industrial Belt, focused on its formation process, industrial structure and the locational characteristics. Theoretical references for the formation of the Belt could be made to various theories: the industrial location theory(A. Weber, A. Losch) and the central place theory (W. Christaller) of German economic school, the growth pole theory (F. Perroux, J. Boudeville) of French spacial economic school and the unequilibrium growth theory (Cherency, Watanable, Hirshman) of American-Japanese economists. The Belt had been developed by the four consecutive Five-Year Economic Development Plans (1962-1981) and the First National Land Development Plan. Since 1982, the Belt has been further fostered by the promotion policy under the Fifth Five-Year Economic Development Plan and the Second National Land Development plan(1982-1991).
Among the policy tools introduced for the promotion of the regional economic development, the unequilibrium theory would be the most interesting and impressive one. Such policy tools refer to the growth center theory and utilize the growth pole concept defined by F. Perroux.
The 1960s is the period in which the growth pole and the groth center concept were rapidly and forcefully accommodated among various governments in the world to change their economic society and to promote economic development on a regional basis. However, the governments or the scholars that had accepted the growth pole concepts don't seem to solve the methodological problems which arise the in process of using those concepts as tools for socioeconomic policy, in pursuit of the structural changes in the distribution of population and the economic activities. Ineffieient utilization of the growth pole theory in inducing desirable changes of the regional economy was partly attributable to the lack of understanding on the limitations of the growth pole theory. Two drawbacks of the theory are: first, the lack of research on the structural changes or the developmental processes inside the growth pole according to the lapse of time, second, the lack of explanations on the importance and peculiarity of the spacial elements of the growth.
Two regional problems have arisen in the process of rapid exonomic growth: first, the evils of agglomeration caused by the excessive inflow of the industries into the existing industrial area, second, the enlargement of income differential between the lagging area focused on the primary industry and the industrial area. These are elements which hinder the balanced growth of the national economy. Thus there arise the needs for the balanced development of the national economy, which will be accomplished by the dispersion of industries to avoid the rush of various industries into the overpopulated area. Accordingly, the effective utilization of natural resources, the appropriate regional distribution of capital, technology, labor and social overhead capital will be significantly enhanced.
The idea of the development of the Industrial Belt in the southeast coast of Korea is timely and appropriate on the grounds that it would be able to solve the overpopulation phenomenon of the metropolitan area which posess serious problems in the economic, social and national security aspect, and to absorb the emigrating population of the lagging area toward the urban cities. But the fact that Pusan area had been the center development area of this Belt for reasons of locational advantages, resulted in the regional differences and further deepened the disequili brium with other social development projects in the course of the aggregate-development-oriented economic policy. It also windened the gap with primary industry by sticking to the industrial development. The Second National Land Development Plan aims at the balanced development of Korea, putting the policy emphasis on the improvement of the living environment by the dispersion of the benefit of collective industrialization: i.e. the Plan in 1970s concentrated on the formation of living environment by pursuing collective industrialization in several areas, in 1980s the policy emphasis is placed on the dispersion of industrial areas to improve the living environment and in 1990s the accumulated benefits will be equally divided for the preservation of natural environment.
To provide precise guidelines for the organization of economic development policy, it would be necessary to strengthen the growth pole. Unfortunately, however, the economic development theory and the location theory have been developed separately. Contemporary location theories due to their static nature, have had limitations in the range of their support to the economic development theory.
A through scrutiny on the time structure is required for the integration of location theory with the growth pole theory, and the time effect in the location equation should be manifested: it would be necessary to consider the rate of changes rather than the changes themselves given in the industrial location, and also the impact of the rate of changes, not the changes themselves in the light of the price factor.
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