사학부(史學部) : 2011년 일본 중학교 역사교과서의 중국근현대사 서술 = History : Depiction of Chinese modern history in Japanese middle school history textbooks

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are 7 different versions of middle school history textbooks that has been checked and authorized by the Japanese Ministry of Education in 2011. In this research, contents related to Chinese history from Opium Wars of 1840 to 2nd Sino-Japanese war of 1937 were checked, from textbooks published by Jiyusa and Ikuhosha, Japan``s right-wing textbooks, and Tokyo Shoseki, the most popular textbook publisher among Japanese schools. Middle school history textbooks published by Jiyusha and Ikuhosha share similarities in terms of content on the 1840 Opium Wars till the beginning of Second Sino-Japanese war of 1937. These textbooks describe Chinese history around Japanese history of the time. These textbooks justify invasion of China, and hold China as being responsible for starting the war. In addition, these textbooks interpret China``s northern conquests and unification as a violation of Japan``s rights in Manchuria, and interpret China``s anti-Japanese movement, which has resulted from Japan``s invasion of China, as something that has expanded invasion of China. Through anti-communist perspective, these textbooks also argue that spread of communism has intensified anti-Japanese movement in China, leading to attacks on Japanese residing in China. They avoid Japan``s responsibility in the war by stating that China had been preparing for the war against Japan beforehand and that it is China``s fault that Sino-Japanese War had grown larger in scale. These right-wing textbooks also try to avoid responsibility through its ambiguous description on Nanjing massacre without acknowledging civilian massacre. Tokyo Shoseki textbook, on the other hand, states that Japan``s Chinese invasion has intensified Chinese nationalist movements, and points out that invasion of Ryukyu of Japan, Taiwan, and China had faced locals`` resistance against it.