통치(Government), 통치성(Governmentality), 거버넌스 그리고 개인의 자유 = Government, Governmentality, Governance and the Freedom of Individuals

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The governance, which has appeared as a new concept to describe and explain the voluntarily-forming and autonomously-regulated social networks, seems to have an affinity with Foucault's idea of government and governmentality. Particularly, the difference between governance and government can be seen negligible, as both emphasize the micro and capillary features of modern political power. In this study, I will make clear the concepts of governance and government, having in mind that both concepts have not only a meaningful commonalities, but critical differences specially in light of ontology and epistemology. Following conceptual discourse, the concrete meaning of freedom presupposed by governance theories will be scrutinized from the perspective of Foucault's govermentality. At this juncture, the discrepant nature of governance and government is brought into light.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1990년대 들어와 사회적 문제의 해결에 있어서 다양한 이해관계집단들 간에 자발적으로 형성되면서 자율적으로 규제되는 네트워크를 포착하는 개념으로서 거버넌스의 등장은 여러 면에서 Foucault의 통치, 통치성과 관련을 맺고 있다고 보인다. 특히 국가나 정부 중심의 통치관에서 벗어나서 사회를 관통하는 미시권력적, 모세혈관적 통치를 부각시키는 면에서는 양자의 차이는 그리 크지 않다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 먼저 거버넌스 개념과 Foucault의 통치, 통치성을 서로 비교하여 서로 간에 보이는 차이와 공통점을 분명히 하고자 한다. 통치와 거버넌스의 개념을 명백히 한 후 Foucault가 처음 주장하였지만 최근에 다시 강조되고 있는 “자아의 주체화(subjectification of the self)” 혹은 “자아의 기술(technology of the self)”의 관점에서 거버넌스 논의를 관통하고 있다고 보이는 개인의 자유, 자율성을 비판적으로 검토할 것이다. 개인의 실존적 특성에 주목하는 이유는 지금의 거버넌스 논의가 가정처럼 전제하고 있는 개인의 자율적 자기규정성이라는 특성이 개념적으로나 실천적으로 모호한 상태로 있다고 보기 때문이다. 또한 이 지점에서 통치에 대하여 거버넌스를 주창하는 입장과 Foucaultian의 입장이 극명한 대립을 보이고 있다고 생각되기 때문이다.

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