均衡成長論에 대한 批判 = A Critique on Balanced Growth Theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

R. Nurkse, in his Wicksell Lecture, presents three kinds of economic growth patterns for the under-developed countries, i.e. 1) growth through experts of primary products, 2) growth through exports of manufactured consumer goods, 3) expansion of output for domestic markets.
For the under-developed countries, the overseas demand for primacy products being not lively now compared to that of 19th century, the 1st pattern is not considered appropriate ; and the 2nd pattern is not also appropriate because the economically advanced countries try to protect their domestic industries through trade policies, which produces not a little handicap for the underdeveloped ones engaged in international trade ; accordingly, R. Nurkse considers the 3rd pattern most appropriate.
In case of the 3rd pattern, there are two kinds of growths in itself, i.e. 1) the balanced growth in which the investments are made in various industries at the same time, 2) the unbalanced growth in which the intensive investment is made in some very important or you might say the stratigic industries regarded as fundamental for a final economic growth as a whole with a limited amount of capital to start with.
About this, R. Nurkse advocates the balanced growth by saying that when the domestic market is too small, it is an adventure for the under-developed to invest in modern industries with the rapid growth of production in mind, which, however will not always guarantee the continuous production afterwards because of the above-mentioning domestic market situation; and to solve such a market problem, they have to invest in various industries at the same time in order for the workers engaged in activities of production in all kinds of domestic industries to become consumers to buy the goods produced by the other workers, expanding the market as a whole.
While R. Nurkse looking at the balanced growth from the side of demand, T. Scitovsky does it from that of supply. The latter's contention is that the investment in an industry A is limited to the demand of the products thereof by another industry B; and the investment in an industry B is limited the to production capacity of industry A producing the elements needed in the production activity of industry 8; and so such limitations can only be got rid of through the simultanious expansion of both industries A and B.
To the above mentioned balanced growth theoy, A. O. Hirshaman and P. Streeten, both advocating unbalanced growth, extort the criticism, saying that under-developed countries are lacking in the large amount of capital to invest in many fields of the national economy at the same time and the high level of management and the technical skills of high standards.
In consideration of the lack of capital, the ability of modern management, technical skills, and the experiences of growth of other countries, the unbalanced growth theory which emphasizes the efficiency and speed in the economic growth is considered most appropriate in the under-developed countries where the promotion of production capacity to the maximum and independant economy are the goal of their economic growth.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.序論
• Ⅱ.均衡成長論의 背景
• Ⅲ.均衡成長論의 展開
• Ⅳ.均衡成長論에 대한 批判
• Ⅴ.結論