논문(論文) : 계급해방 속의 창기(娼妓)해방 -1950년대 상해시(上海市) 금창사업(禁娼事業)- = Prohibition of Prostitution and Liberation of Prostitutes in Shanghai City in the 1950s
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2010
작성언어
Korean
주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
83-107(25쪽)
제공처
중단사유
※ 발행기관의 정책으로 인하여 개인 판매가 중단된 논문입니다. 구독기관 이용자는 [
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had implemented the nationwide work to prohibit prostitution since the foundation of People`s Republic of China in 1949 until the late 1950s. The CCP asserted that this work would destroy the savage institution, which had insulted women and injured their physical and mental health. Local governments in every city closed brothel houses and arrested and punished brothel owners. They also helped prostitutes to return to society after treatment for venereal diseases and labor education. Works of prostitution prohibition were enforced from 1951 to 1958 in Shanghai city, which had showed the largest number of prostitutes in the world. Shanghai city government operated the licensed prostitution for two years and six months after the liberation and expected to restrict the prostitution business by controlling transactions of women`s sex through this public system. The city government declared it would execute such a radical policy as an education of whoremongers and help prostitutes with their job change. Although there is no way to confirm how many of these policies were carried out, it is certain that the city government concentrated more on regulating prostitutes and prostitute houses rather than it executed such radical policies. This operation of public prostitution, which laid stress on control policies, shows that the CCP`s policy of prostitution prohibition was not the one for women but a part of the works of purification of society. The regulation to prohibit prostitution overall carried out in Shanghai city in November 27th 1951 was applicable only to prostitutes and brothel owners, and such a trend to emphasize the reform of prostitutes continued until 1958. It is understandable that the reform of prostitutes was centered in the business of prostitution prohibition because the CCP saw prostitutes not only parasites which represented bad habits of old society and capitalist society but also their victims. The CCPas we can see from its experiment in the licenced prostitution, expected to solve the prostitution problem only by transforming "sellers of sex." Prostitutes who belonged to the class of drifting people were officially "liberated" when they became social workers after being educated in relocation camps. Such liberation was possible when the CCP was controlling the whole population and organizing women`s labor power. All the people who had the jobs related with prostitution were defined as the class of drifting people, which was understood as the laziest, parasitic, and breaking public morality. In the socialist country, therefore, it became urgent to correct such bad habits of this class. Moreover, it is because of this very understanding of drifting people that the CCP understood the reform of prostitutes` parasitic habits more important rather than the critique of social habits that made transactions of sex possible. Prostitutes were seen as the exploited in relation to their masters(brothel owners)who belonged to the same class of drifting people. This recognition of prostitutes as the exploited became clear since the overall enforcement of prostitution prohibition policy in November 1951 and strengthened when prostitutes were publicly complaining about the wrongdoings done by their masters. That is to say, prostitutes were understood as social victims because they became prostitutes to be exploited by their masters, but it was not understood that they became prostitutes because they were the women of the exploited class. In such an official discourse, therefore, not only discussions of the gap between rich and poor or their origins but also the critique of prostitutes` sufferings from transactions of sex or men`s habits to buy women`s sex were missed. The CCP could avoid the fundamental critique of contradictory recognition of sex, which was too strict about women and generous to men, although it destroyed the social habit of prostitution. The CCP`s definition of prostitutes as parasites and victims transformed the question of prostitution from women`s problem to the class issue. This transformation took away the sexual image of prostitutes by employing more vocabularies of class and weakened a social habit to evaluate women`s behavior by their chastity. People still criticized prostitutes for their "sexual decadency," however, while sexually discriminatory recognition was not fundamentally criticized. This example of the CCP`s prostitution prohibition policy tells that the work of "emancipation of women" avoided the fundamental critique of and transformation of sexually discriminatory society.
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