미국의 낙후지역 금융소외와 클린턴 행정부의 정책대응: 지역개발금융기관(CDFI) 지원제도를 중심으로 = The lack of financing in the low-income communities and the policy responses of the Clinton Administration: Centering around the CDFI Fund

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Affordable credit, basic financial services, and investment capital are critical to the health of communities. Unfortunately, low-income communities and individuals in U.S.A have always had limited access to financial services, affordable credit, and investment capital. The lack of such financing has created an opportunity for an alternative type of financial institution, Community development financial institutions(CDFIs). These alternative entities have provided successfully a range of financial products and services that often are not available from more "mainstream" lenders and financiers. The success of CIFIs seems to be an outcome of the Clinton administraion's "Third Way" anti-poverty polices, particularly of CDFI Fund program. The CDFI Fund model became a model for a unique kind of public-private partnership in poverty alleviation and community development that wedded the local with the national and public with private. Recently the Bush administraion has reduced significantly the CDFI Fund budget. However, Support for the CDFI industry is needed on the basis of improvement of performance measurement system for the sustainable growth of the U.S.A economy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국에서는 낙후지역의 빈곤 및 금융소외 문제를 해결하기 위한 지역사회 내의 자발적인 노력이 지역밀착형 대안적 금융기관인 <지역개발금융기관>을 중심으로 활발히 전개되었다. <지역개발금융기관>은 빈곤의 구조적 원인 제거에 초점을 맞춘 가운데 사회정책과 금융시스템의 상호작용을 유도함으로써 낙후지역 경제회생의 기회를 성공적으로 창출한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 이러한 성공은 무엇보다도 클린턴 행정부의 적극적인 관심 및 지원에 힘입은 것이었다. 클린턴 정부는 ‘제 3의 길’ 노선에 기초한 CDFI 기금을 창설하여 연방정부의 자금이 수익성의 원리가 작동되는 민간 주도의 경로를 통해 제공되는 새로운 방식의 낙후지역 금융지원 프로그램을 성공적으로 수행하였다. 부시 행정부 출범 이후에는 CDFI 기금 그리고 연방정부 차원의 또 다른 낙후지역 금융지원 입법인 <지역재투자법>이 크게 약화되고 있다. 그러나 미국경제의 지속가능한 균형발전을 위해서는 성과평가 제도의 개선을 통해 앞으로도 그 기능을 유지하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

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