고려전기치사제(高麗前期致仕制)의 운영(運營)과 관인(官人)의 인년치사(引年致仕) = Operation of the resignation system in the early days of the Goryeo Dynasty and advanced resignation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Resignation refers to public officials` resigning from their government posts in the year they became 70 years old. The resignation system in China was accepted and implemented in the Goryeo Dynasty. Those who had a grade three or higher government post were preferentially treated and given resignation pays corresponding to approximately half of pays for current posts. Because of this privilege, public officials at grade three or higher posts underwent a procedure to request for dismissal and receive posts after resignation from the king at the end of the year in which they became 69 year old. However, public officials at grade four or lower posts without resignation pays were dismissed in a lump by the Ministry of Interior Affairs and the Ministry of War based on ages on government lists. As this system was operated, the subjects of resignation in the early days of the Goryeo Dynasty resigned from their government posts in accordance with the principle in most cases. However, there were cases where premiers who became 70 year old received a chest and a stick and continued working at current posts and cases where public officials did not request for resignation intentionally even when they became older than 70 years and the king and the Ministry of Interior Affairs did not take actions to make them resign by force. As such, the resignation system that was originally made to restrict public officials` service to a certain age was not applied to all public officials. This can be positively understood since this means that the king wanted to utilize the experience in state affairs of premiers healthy enough to continue working even when they were older than 70 years. A problem was that the resignation system was deteriorated to become a means to preferentially treat public officials who could not serve at public posts due to diseases. Since the resignation system was originally not related with diseases but was only indented to restrict ages of those who were at public posts, the king should dismiss public officials with diseases and if the king wanted to give them posts after resignation, the king should have reinstated them immediately before they became 70 year old to give them posts after resignation. However, in the early days of the Goryeo Dynasty, ``advanced resignation(引年致仕)`` was frequently implemented so that when public officials younger than 70 years requested for resignation due to diseases, the king gave them posts after resignation at younger ages.