地域福祉의 方法論的 接近에 關한 硏究 = A Methodological Approach to Community work
저자
尹旭 (嶺南大學校 農畜産大學 地域社會開發學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1984
작성언어
Korean
KDC
309.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
84-130(47쪽)
제공처
This study as a research on the methodological approach to the community work is aimed at presenting a model of new approach to community work development by analizying the problematic areas in the traditional methods with the purpose to examine a theory which will become a trend and fundamental precondition of the new approach to and the thought for solving the problems.
First, there are often vivid discussions that public welfare should be developed with its central emphasis on community welfare of which increasing importance is recognized by both researchers and practioners, and the efforts to meet the demand thereof are also increasing. This fact is supported by the four factors as follows:
1) The community needs to be considered as a source of all kinds of problems in human life in order to ensure the fundamental functioning of social welfare and achieve its objectives.
2 ) All kinds of protection programs which are likely to separate the community relationship or family relationship cannot become an adequate assistance in the true sense of social welfare. Social welfare as protection programs should provide aid so that the client will be able to develop and maintain all his social relations in the community in order to meet the needs he faces in his life,
3 ) The citizens' participation at the level of community is required to make the community people participate effectively in planning, executing and operating the social institutions or societal policies related to the problems caused in their life because social welfare is in its essence in the same situation concerned with the community people and the clients to be assisted.
4) In order to develop the social welfare which is more effective and/or will prevent in advance the problems which are caused in social life and will solve any problems if arised, it is required that the whole community people should be covered and their needs are grasped and mutual cooperation could be attained through the organic relations among the concerned agencies. There is no need to reiterate the importance of the fact that the preventive measures to keep the problems from arising are more rational than the expost fact measures.
Second, the efforts to solve these problems necessitate three preconditions as follows:
1) Community work or housing welfare can be improved when the minimum wage system is established and the reduction of working hours is realized for the welfare of the workers who constitutes the majority of the community population regardless of the case being in urban or rural area.
2) The social security systems should be expanded including the improvement of the livelihood protection criteria and the democratic innovation of the systems and their operation in order to ensure the substantial improvement of the community work, especially the housing welfare,
3) The establishment of the delivery service system and means of the community social life is required. Many problems will arise in leading a normal family life and community life unless the living environment is arranged through the perspective with priority on the resident life focused on the disabled or the aged, and the common facilities and services basically required for the community life are organized and provided.
Third, the following elements in addition to the above mentioned facts should not be overlooked if the community work is to be achieved:
1) There is an increasing need that a joint study by the government authorities, welfare facilities and the researchers should be conducted as an experimental program to improve the community work in such areas as professional welfare services, housing welfare services and the review and distribution of the facilities having the multi-times functioning.
2) A need is recongnized that the review on the most logical distribution plan of the welfare facilities and the whole system of the housing work services should be conducted through the establishment of the community work planning based on the region devided into the intermediate areas, the urban area with its comparatively well arranged social resources, and the rural area with its scarce resources,
3) The role, and cooperation of the agencies concerned with the entire community work need to be clarified. Especially a study should be done on the system and administrative organization of the local welfare administration in its relation with the public health administration and medical facilites.
4) The theories of 'community organization such as the participation by the persons themselves to be assisted, the voluntary activities, residents' welfare activities in the small area, and etc. need to be rearranged in comparison with the past traditional methods and experiences in order to provide the structured and systematized method of providing assistance,
5) In order to facilitate the growth of community work, it is necessary to set up some model programs for a comprehensive community work services as an experimental case with the support of the planned budget allocation and supply of the necessary manpower.
Fourth, these community work policies need to be standardized on the bases of the civic, community minimum of the local unit which preconditions the establishment of the national minimum, and need to be arranged in a planned and comprehensive way through the pursuit of innovation of administration and finance by means of all the residents' participation in the community in response to the living situation of the residents and the local stratification.
Fifth, the basic premise of a model of the methodological approach suggested whould be formulated in a practical method and as an experimental tool to materialize the methodological approach in a general and systematic way because it clarifies the model type indicator and establishes the essential foundation of the community work practices with its contents of the three typical models.
Accordingly, the typical models in this study should be based on the five hypotheses in relation to the system theory and social learning theory as an approach having its comprehensive contents of the functions of the social welfare works.
1) To create the organization's entity and its concrete image.
2) To establish the subject of welfare society formation and the subject of practicing the professional, social welfare works.
3) To analysize and evaluate the welfare adminstration and to eastablish its position.
4) To formulate the realistic welfare society and to clarify its process.
5) To establish the necessity of the community activities and the subject of the practice of the social welfare works.
Sixth, the model of the methodological approach should be clarified through its roles and processes with its purposes of consolidationg and integrating the social welfare facilites and housing welfare facilites according to the needs of the welfare policies and characteristics of each community, and as a method to restore and maintain the normal social function by solving problems in individual and collective way based on the recognition that the social welfare works should be conducted in effective operation.
This study has presented a model of the methodological approach to the community work development by examining and analyzing the theories of the practical and realistic approaches in an effort to solve the problems faced with the traditional methods which have not been clearly developed in the community work practices.
However, this new approach to the community work practices is not only insufficient for the multiple functions of assistance and curriculum development to train the social workers, researchers, and students, but the concrete practical contents of this model remain to be studied and developed further, while there may be a need to review another approach to community work from new different perspectives.
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