나카야마 미키의 삶과 ‘폭력’: 천리교 사상의 형성과정을 중심으로 = Life of Nakayama Miki and ‘Violence’ : Focusing on the Formation of Tenrikyo Thought

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This pater examines the violent circumstances confronted in the lifetime of Nakayama Miki(1798~1887), the Founder of Tenrikyo, and investigates her ideological search for escaping the situation.
There are no clear evidences, however from childhood she exposed to certain violence situations and greatly damaged to have a personality disorder. This damage is able to be proved by a mystical experience of multiple personality disorder in 1837.
She also wrote the Ofudesaki, the most important scripture of Tenrikyo, relying upon the automatic writing that is a symptom of dissociative identity disorder for many years after the Meiji Restoration. This symptom also indirectly can prove her poor environment.
The ‘violence’ here is that Miki herself has the feeling subjectively. It may be legal or legitimate, also be nonviolent objectively. In some cases, Miki or her believers made mistakes to cause the violence of outside forces. Under any circumstances, however, she considered them all unfair violences.
The violent situation that led to her serious disorder disturbed the personal identity of Miki, and she looked upon herself as a God, ‘Moon and Son’ or Parents God. The God became to have the aggressive and revengeful character to human. Of course, the violent personality of God is not always same to all human being. According to persons, or depending on the situation, the God, Miki herself, shows the parent’s mind.
When her identity expanded to reach a peak, she used to considered herself as the God who gave birth to all the people on the earth. And she deeply thought over the problem on the group identity of Japanese people. Miki believed that the persons herself produced in the site of her house became the root of all the human beings, and that the orignal persons was the Japanese, who afterward spreaded all over the world. In the background of this perception, the ‘violence’ is premised, too. So to speak, It was a backlash against the violent history that ‘Kara’, foreign country or foreigners, suppressed and ruled over the Japanese willfully. Such a belief could be said to be caused by self-defensive thinking. In conclusion, the writer points out that the violent situation surrounding Miki played very important role for constructing the Tenrikyo thought.

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