不確實性下에서 原價-操業度-利益分析에 관한 硏究 = A Study on Cost-Volum-Profit Analysis under Uncertainty
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1981
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
127-150(24쪽)
제공처
1. Introduction
Managers are constantly faced with decisions about selling prices, variable costs, and fixed costs. Basically, managers must decide how to acquire and utilize economic resources in light of some objective. Unless they can make resonably accurate predictions about cost and revenue levels, their decision may yield undesirable or even disastrous.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis is a planning tool that considers the inherent relationships among prices, cost structure, volume, and profits. Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis answers such questions as :
① Given existing price and cost structure, what volume of operations is needed to earn a profit of x dollars?
② If prices are cut by x percent, how much of an increase in volume is needed to maintain the previous level of profits?
③ If variable costs are to be cut by the acquisition of some automating machinery (hence, an increase in fixed cost), how large a cut is required to provide a profit of z dollars, assuming the existing level of operations continues in the future?
④ If variable costs increase by x percent, what happens to profits, assuming that volume will increase by z percent?
The problem of Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis under uncertainty has received considerable attention in accounting literature since the appearance of Jaedicke and Robichck (1964). However, most of the works dealing with the stochastic Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis were essentially based upon the following traditional relationship.
T=S (R-V) -F……………… (1)
(T=Total profit S=Sales volume in units R=Unit selling price U=Unit variable lost F=Total fixed cost)
The purpose of this paper is to modify the traditional C-V-P model to broaden the scope of its applicability by presenting a general stochastic C-V-P model of wei shih (1981). The modified model would consider explicitly both the random demand and the level of production in the determination of actual sales and in the derivation of the distribution froms of the profit.
2. Wei Shih's general stochastic Cost-Volume-Profit model
This section is designed to present a more realistic C-V-P relationship that seperates sales from production and demand and which properly places each one of them in their respective roles. To facilitate the model construction, the following assumptions are considered;
① Whenever production exceeds demand, future demand for any unsold units ceases to exist (goods of this nature include perishable, or style goods, or goods subject to rapid obsolescence)
② Any unsold units will be dispersed of with no salvage value. Now, lot D denote the demand variable, and Q the production quantity. Then the level of actual sales.
S, can be expressed as
S= Q, If ≥q ………………(2)
D, If D<q
Combining (1) and (2), and taking into account the total variable cost, VQ, as well as the relative magnitude of demand and production, one obtains the following general C-V-P model;
T=Q(R-V)-F, if D≥Q
RD -VQ-F, if D<Q
3. The application of wet shih's general C-V-P model
This model is more general than the traditional one given in (1) because (1) is a special case of (2). Base on (2), the probability distribution of profit for any continuous demand variable, as well as its mean and variance, were obtained, which led to the derivations of the probability distribution of profit for the normally distributed demand variable together with its mean and variance. On the assumption that demand has a nomal distribution, these result were futher utilized to find (A) the optimal production quantity that maximizes the expected profit, and (B) the optimal production quantity that maximizes the probability of making at least a certain amount of profit.
As a tool for profit planning, the solutions from the model enable the management to conveniently answer not only the question, "which product should the firm select?" 'but also the question, "How much of the selected product should the frim manufacture?"' in the pursuit of various goals and objectives.
4. Conclusion
Most of the cost-volume-profit Analysis under uncertainty are based upon a traditional relationship that fail to take into account tile crucial elements of random demand and level of production in their determination of actual sales, and, as such, profit will be overestimated whenever production exceeds demand and when future demand fol unsold units ceases to exist. This deficiency has critically limited the scope of the usefulness of the model and has left the general validity of its derived results in doubt.
This paper has presented wei shih's general C-V-P model which treats the traditional model as a special case, eliminates its deficiency and brings additional realism into the analysis.
The general C-V-P model serve not only as a profit measuring and predicting tool to assist mangement in selecting a product among alternatives, but also as an optimization device through which the optimal level of production for the selected product can be concurrently determined. The model's capability to choose the most desirable product among alternatives and to provide, at the same time, optimal prouction levels for the chosen product in accordance with a firm's goals and objectives certainly adds a new dimension to the C-V-P analysis.
서지정보 내보내기(Export)
닫기소장기관 정보
닫기권호소장정보
닫기오류접수
닫기오류 접수 확인
닫기음성서비스 신청
닫기음성서비스 신청 확인
닫기이용약관
닫기학술연구정보서비스 이용약관 (2017년 1월 1일 ~ 현재 적용)
학술연구정보서비스(이하 RISS)는 정보주체의 자유와 권리 보호를 위해 「개인정보 보호법」 및 관계 법령이 정한 바를 준수하여, 적법하게 개인정보를 처리하고 안전하게 관리하고 있습니다. 이에 「개인정보 보호법」 제30조에 따라 정보주체에게 개인정보 처리에 관한 절차 및 기준을 안내하고, 이와 관련한 고충을 신속하고 원활하게 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다음과 같이 개인정보 처리방침을 수립·공개합니다.
주요 개인정보 처리 표시(라벨링)
목 차
3년
또는 회원탈퇴시까지5년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한3년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한2년
이상(개인정보보호위원회 : 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준)개인정보파일의 명칭 | 운영근거 / 처리목적 | 개인정보파일에 기록되는 개인정보의 항목 | 보유기간 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
학술연구정보서비스 이용자 가입정보 파일 | 한국교육학술정보원법 | 필수 | ID, 비밀번호, 성명, 생년월일, 신분(직업구분), 이메일, 소속분야, 웹진메일 수신동의 여부 | 3년 또는 탈퇴시 |
선택 | 소속기관명, 소속도서관명, 학과/부서명, 학번/직원번호, 휴대전화, 주소 |
구분 | 담당자 | 연락처 |
---|---|---|
KERIS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 정보보호본부 김태우 | - 이메일 : lsy@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0439 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0195 |
KERIS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 개인정보보호부 이상엽 | |
RISS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 대학학술본부 장금연 | - 이메일 : giltizen@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0149 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0194 |
RISS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 학술진흥부 길원진 |
자동로그아웃 안내
닫기인증오류 안내
닫기귀하께서는 휴면계정 전환 후 1년동안 회원정보 수집 및 이용에 대한
재동의를 하지 않으신 관계로 개인정보가 삭제되었습니다.
(참조 : RISS 이용약관 및 개인정보처리방침)
신규회원으로 가입하여 이용 부탁 드리며, 추가 문의는 고객센터로 연락 바랍니다.
- 기존 아이디 재사용 불가
휴면계정 안내
RISS는 [표준개인정보 보호지침]에 따라 2년을 주기로 개인정보 수집·이용에 관하여 (재)동의를 받고 있으며, (재)동의를 하지 않을 경우, 휴면계정으로 전환됩니다.
(※ 휴면계정은 원문이용 및 복사/대출 서비스를 이용할 수 없습니다.)
휴면계정으로 전환된 후 1년간 회원정보 수집·이용에 대한 재동의를 하지 않을 경우, RISS에서 자동탈퇴 및 개인정보가 삭제처리 됩니다.
고객센터 1599-3122
ARS번호+1번(회원가입 및 정보수정)