The Rainbow에 나타난 인간관계의 유형에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Types of Human Relationship in The Rainbow
I have attempted to shed light on several serious humanity problems in the society in the early part of the 20th century which Lawrence presented. Some of the distinct features in the literature of Lawrence, who has a loyalty to his own self can be summarized as follows: modern society is so intellectual and conscious that it may block the development of pure human beings. Thus he thinks that modern society has a corrupting influence on human beings.
His real life doesn't lie in a barren spiritual world but in the inner self of an individual inherited from primitive instinct. Confronted with modern civilization, he catchs sight of the disgusting mechanization of human nature and, as a result of a denial of it, presents his novels with the curative fresh vision of his own. Therefore, he argues that art should have a moral function of creating a new life by revealing a new truth. He believes that art is to expose the relationship between man and the world around him and that art must put an emphasis on the relationship.
While philosphy, religion, and science try to restrict man to a monotonous things, novels, as a matter of fact, are considered to indicate the examples of the most delicate relationship between both sexes man ever discovered. Thus he emphasizes our primitive human relationship in our spiritual and intellectual society.
He is also concerned with a struggle of an individual to be a spiritually and physically advanced being in the society. He deeply recognizes the current problems in the contempory English society, which appear in his other novels including The Rainbow.
In The Rainbow, Lawrence adopts a new form different from an old form of which he and the other realists in the 19th century made use. In other words, his new form is closely connected with themes and the contents, with which he represents the novels after he wrote The Rainbow, rather than the new trials in the form developed by the 20th century modernists. He describes the historically changing society which comprises the lives of the three generations from the agricultural life of the Brangwen farmers through the life of the wage-earner Ursula, that is , the experience or community in the novel. The early Brangwen women, while the Brangwen men indulge themselves in their instinct, turn their vision to the outer world, from which the spiritual heritage is conveyed to Ursula.
He deals with three types of the relationships between man and woman. And The Rainbow is regarded as the best of the novels that he ever wrote as for marriage. Two contrasting forces in the novel, between instinct and intellect, are developed into three different kinds of marriages. The embodiment of the rainbow with the relationship of conflicts between man and woman must be changed into the relationship of the harmony described as a perfect one. But our modern society has been blocking such a harmony as this by the excess of intellect at the expense of instinct.
I have attempted to investigate the contrasts of the conflicts of instinct and intellect which three generations show. Thus the contrasts of their human relationships are summarized as follows;
In the first generation, the marriage of Tom and Lydia seems to be the best one in The Rainbow. At first, Tom finds differently in accepting Lydia's otherness but he comes to acknowledge her otherness. After some years since they married, they find out a new world which gives rise to the complete humanity. In the second generation, Will Brangwen falls into a dark religious ecstasy in a gloomy cathedral, which symbolically expresses the ideal harmony of both sexes. Anna, on the other hand, makes Will's dark religious enthusiasm weaker and weaker by letting the light spread in the dark inside. After all, Anna's light of intelligence seems to suppress Will's instinctive darkness.
To seek for a rainbow more ideal than the first and the second generations had, the third generation, Ursula, who is adventurious, can not stick to the farming land like Marsh Farm.Ursula met several false rainbows before she meets the genuine one at the end of the novel. The problem that Ursula faces is how she can manage to live in the intellectual world without losing her instinct when she enters into the civilized world. In other word, the problem is how she should overcome the destructive forces of modern civilization without being deprived of her vitality. Anton, whose self can not be matched with Ursula's is naturally destroyed by her powerful self under the moon light scene at the beach. Only Ursula, who does not lose her instinct in spite of a destructive influence of the civilized world and fails to be marriaged to Anton not because her shortcoming is but because his shortcoming can feel 'fires' of the horse which symbolically represents instinct. At the last scene of the novel, the genuine rainbow is suspended on the new houses in the village.
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