고려 원종(元宗)대 송송례(宋松禮)의 대몽외교와 군사활동 = The Diplomacy against Mongol and Military Activity of Song Songrye(宋松禮) in the Wonjong(元宗)’s reign of Goryo Dynasty

국문 초록 (Abstract)

무신 송송례는 고려무인정권 최후의 무인집정인 임유무를 직접 제거하고 출륙환도를 맨 먼저 실행한 공으로 상장군에 올랐다. 출륙환도 직후 그는 고려의 재상 반열에 올라 원종대 후반부에 대몽외교와 군사활동 방면에서 현저한 업적을 남겼다.
송송례는 개경정부의 관료를 대표하여 대몽외교를 3차례나 활발하게 펼쳤다. 첫째, 1270년(원종 11)의 대몽외교에서 그는 몽골 황제의 생일을 축하하고, 삼별초봉기의 전말을 알리는 한편 동녕부 반환을 요청하였다. 이때의 외교에서 그는 특히 진도 삼별초정부 토멸을 위한 몽골군 원수 파견을 요청하여 훗날 몽골 황제가 몽골군 원수 아카이[阿海]를 고려에 파견하여 그에게 1천명의 몽골군을 관할케 하였을 것으로 이해하여보았다. 둘째, 1272년(원종 13)의 대몽외교에서 그는 부사로서 정사인 제안후 왕숙과 더불어 원나라에 파견되어 몽골이 ‘대원’으로 국호를 정한 것을 하례하였다. 셋째, 1273년(원종 14)의 대몽외교에서 그는 부사로서 정사인 순안후 왕종과 더불어 원나라에 파견되어 원나라 황후와 황태자 책봉을 하례하였다. 1272~1273년의 대몽외교는 중국식(한식) 조의(朝儀) 정비를 완료한 원나라 황실을 받들고 원나라와의 돈독한 대외관계를 구축하기 위한 것이었다고 해석해보았다.
송송례는 원종 치세 후반부에 제주 삼별초 토멸 및 제1차 일본원정을 위한 군사활동을 펼쳤다. 그는 1272년 12월에 왕명을 받아 군사를 검열하였다. 그가 검열한 군사는 개경의 중앙군이었으며 여기에 고려군 원수 김방경이 이끌고 갔던 기병 800명이 포함되어 있었다. 같은 해 12월에 송송례는 충청도지휘사에 임명되어 충청도 권역에서 모집한 군사들을 전라도 방면으로 내려 보내 여원연합군에 합세하게 하였고, 충청도 권역의 전함들을 수로감선사에게 인계하였으며, 제주 삼별초군을 막기 위해 충청도 권역의 방어책임을 충청도방호사에게 맡기고 해당 방어 업무를 인계하였다. 이러한 그의 전투지원 임무는 이후 여원연합군이 제주도의 삼별초군을 진압하는데 일정하게 기여하였다. 1274년(원종 15) 5월에 송송례는 왕명을 받아 일본원정에 나설 고려군을 추가적으로 선발하였다. 이때 송송례 등이 추가로 뽑은 군사 규모는 알 수 없지만, 약 2,000명 정도가 아니었을까 추정해보았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Military official, Song Songrye was the very person who directly had killed Im Yumu(林惟茂) who was the last military ruler of Goryo military rule. He was famous for accomplishing the return to the capital, Gaegyung(開京) at the very first. Owing to his service, he advanced to the rank of Sangjanggun(上將軍) that was the highest rank of military official. Immediately after the return to the capital, Gaegyung he joined the ranks of the premier, and accomplished distinguished results in fields of the diplomacy against Mongol and military activity in the latter part of Wonjong(元宗)’s reign of Goryo dynasty.
Song Songrye carried out actively the diplomacy against Mongol three times, representing government official of Gaegyung Court.
The first, at the diplomacy against Mongol in 1270, he celebrated the birthday of Mongol emperor, and informed whole story of Sambyulcho(三別抄) uprising and requested the retrocession of Dongnyungbu(東寧府). At that time, he specially was assumed to ask for dispatch toward the general of Mongol army in order to suppress Sambyulcho government of Jindo(珍島). As the result, some other day Mongol emperor sent Akai(阿海) who was the general of Mongol army to Goryo. And he gave command authority toward 1,000 soldiers to Akai. The second, at the diplomacy against Mongol in 1272, he was sent to Won(元) empire as a assistant envoy(副使), with Jeahnhu(齊安侯) Wang Sook(王淑) who was the head envoy(正使), and he congratulated that Mongol had set the name of nation into Great Won(大元). The third, at the diplomacy against Mongol in 1273, he was sent to Won empire as a assistant envoy once more, with Soonahnhu(順安侯) Wang Jong(王悰) who was the head envoy, and he celebrated the installation of empress and crown prince of Won empire. The purpose of the diplomacy against Mongol in 1272~1273 is considered to be like this. Before anything else, it was that Goryo intended to share a close foreign relations with Won empire that had finished organization toward the ceremony of the Court(朝儀) of chinese style.
Song Songrye conducted military Activity for conquest of Jeju(濟 州) Sambyulcho remnants and the first military expedition toward Japan, in the latter part of Wonjong’s reign. He inspected soldiers by order of the King on December in 1272. Soldiers that he inspected, was the central army of Gaegyung. 800 soldiers of cavalry that Kim Bangkyung(金方慶) who was the general of the army of Goryo army commanded, were included inside this central army. On December the same year, Song Songrye was appointed to Chungcheongdo Jihwuisa(忠淸道指揮使), and carried out very important military affairs like this. He sent down soldiers that were collected into Chungcheongdo province, to Jeollado(全羅道) direction, and let them join to Goryo-Won combined force. Also, he turned over battleships of Chungcheongdo province, to Surogamseonsa(水路 監船使). In addition, he handed over defensive measure of Chungcheongdo province to Chungcheongdobanghosa(忠淸道防護使), for the purpose of preventing attack of Jeju Sambyulcho remnants. These combat support of him contributed to suppress Sambyulcho units of Jeju, by all-out attack of Goryo-Won combined force. On May in 1274, Song Songrye picked out additionally soldiers for military expedition toward Japan, by order of the King. At this time, it is assumed that he selected 2,000 soldiers additionally.