갈등조정 전문가 인증제의 제도화를 위한 탐색적 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I. Introduction□Research Background○It is widely accepted that conflict mediation contributes to the enhancement of government efficiency.○Conflict mediation in this context refers to the activities of third parties aiming to resolve social conflicts by suggesting solutions with the consideration of two parties` interests.○The Korean Government well recognizes the importance of conflict mediation and has been trying to manage social conflicts through statutes and regulations.○However, it appears that Korean Government`s efforts to reduce social conflicts are not as effective as expected, and conflicts in Korea are increasing.○In order to reduce social conflicts, it is critical to educate and train conflict mediation experts who can serve as a mediator between the two conflicting parties.□The purpose of the study○This study aims to achieve the following three objectives:- First, this study attempts to develop a certification program the mission of which is to credentialize conflict mediation experts.- Second, this study aims to design education programs contributing to the production of conflict mediation experts who will have distinguished skills, techniques, and knowledge in the study of conflict management.- Third, this study attempts to suggest guidelines that would help establish a new statute for handling social conflicts. This effort would include activities like identifying existing problems in current statutes and regulations dealing with social conflicts and trying to revise them.II. Research Method□The design of the research method○The purpose of this section is to investigate the empirical validity of policy alternatives that were developed based on literature reviews, project team meetings, and expert interviews. The policy alternatives consist of four factors: credentialing system of conflict mediation experts, credentialing process, education program, and relevant laws and statutes.○The quantitative research method employed was a paper- based survey with 600 government and non- governmental organization employees. The survey was conducted between August 2009 and September 2009.Of the 600 surveys distributed, 323 were returned, representing 53.8% of the potential pool. The collected surveys were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.○The statistical techniques employed were descriptive statistics and T-tests. The descriptive statistics was employed in order to test the empirical validity of variables developed based on literature reviews and expert interviews. The T- test was employed in order to determine if there were discrepancies in understanding between government employees and non- governmental employees.III. Research Results□Conflict Mediation Expert Credentialing System○84.2% of total respondents agreed that a conflict mediation expert system should be established and implemented.○59.1% of total respondents agreed that a conflict mediation expert system would be likely to contribute to the success of conflict resolution in Korea.○46.7% of total respondents reported that labor conflict would be the most effective area where conflict mediation experts could play a role. Environmental conflicts and conflicts between public organizations were the next most likely areas.○Among the factors hampering conflict mediation, immaturity in negotiation culture was cited as the most significant. Other factors such as deficiencies in trust between conflicting parties, unsettled discussion culture, and lack of rationality were also tested and validated.○Analysis of surveys indicates that activists in nongovernmental organizations are those most likely to contribute to conflict resolution. Respondents also agreed that scholars in relevant domains, lawyers, public officials, and politicians could be expected to contribute to conflict resolution in Korea.□Credentialing Process for Conflict Mediation Experts○Respondents reported that a quasi- governmental organization would be the most appropriate body of certification and management for conflict mediation experts.○74.9% of total respondents reported that solutions and arbitrations suggested by conflict mediation experts should be respected by both conflicting parties and must carry legally binding force.○The cost of conflict resolution- Respondents reported that both conflicting parties as well as relevant government agencies must pay the necessary expenses for conflict mediation.○Qualifications of conflict mediation experts- 30.3% of respondents reported that the desirable educational level of conflict mediation experts would be a master`s degree while 29.4% replied the bachelor`s degree.- 42.1% of respondents reported that conflict mediation experts should have at least 6 to 10 years of experience, while 30.0% reported that 11 to 15 years of experience should be required.- 90.1% of respondents reported that the most important requirement for conflict mediation experts is field experience.○Process of certification- 77.7% of respondents reported that a renewal process should be required after the first qualification, while 9.3% disagreed with this condition.- Respondents agreed that field experience and an education program should be required in order to manage the careers of conflict mediation experts.□Education Program for Conflict Mediation Experts○The main body of education- Respondents reported that academic society for conflict resolution would be the most appropriate body for the education of conflict mediation experts.○The design of the education program- Respondents reported that communication theory, introduction to conflict management, psychology, and conflict mediation statutes would be the most important courses in the education program.- Survey results indicate that the ideal ratio of theory to practice is 50 to 50.- The results show that students must take at least 6 to 8 courses in one year in order to complete the conflict mediation expert program.□Legislation○The existing state of relevant laws- 58.2% of respondents reported that they were unfamiliar with the law for handling conflict resolution, while 25.2% reported that they were aware of the law.- 55.7% of respondents reported that relevant laws were inadequate to handle problems in reality.- Respondents reported that a conflict mediation expert system should be supported by an established law. The appropriate form of legislation would be a statute.IV. Policy Recommendations□Requirements of conflict mediation experts○Activists in non- governmental organizations, scholars in relevant domains, and lawyers would be the most appropriate people to serve as conflict mediation experts.○Conflict mediation experts must hold bachelor`s or master`s degrees with at least 6 to 10 years of social experience. In addition, various experiences in the field of conflict mediation as well as relevant certifications of qualifications are recommended to become a conflict mediation expert.□Credentialing Process of Conflict Mediation Experts○The body of certification should be a quasi- government organization authorized by an appropriate government agency. The organization should be supported by sufficient budget and high- quality human resources.○A recommended candidate would be a research institute funded by the Government, since it has human resources with professional knowledge and experience in the study of conflict resolution.○The cost of using conflict mediation experts must be shouldered by both the Government and conflicting parties.○The organization should be able to manage the careers of conflict mediation experts through field practice, an education program, and completion of relevant degree programs.○The organization must offer a qualification exam for conflict mediation experts at least once or twice a year.○In order to renew certification, conflict mediation experts must submit a renewal form and pass a qualification exam.□Education Program of Conflict Mediation Experts○Education of conflict mediation experts should be managed and operated by an academic society.○The education program must include such courses such as public administration, psychology, decision making theory, research method, communications, conflict management and so on.○The education program could be completed within a year or a semester depending upon the preference of the student. However, the program must include various tracks with different courses.□Legislation○Since the results of research indicate that the public is generally unfamiliar with laws and statutes regarding conflict mediation, the Government should inform the public of relevant laws through TV, radio, internet web pages, posters, and so on.○Because the laws and statutes about conflict mediation inadequate, they should be revised based on the results of a research project performed by experts like professors in college, research fellows in government research institutes, and public officials in government agencies.○A conflict mediation expert system must be implemented, and it needs to be supported by an established law.