17, 8세기 서울 주변 왕릉의 축조, 관리 및 천릉 논의 = Construction, Management, and Transfer of the Royal Tombs of Chosun Dynasty in Seoul and its suburbs in the 17, 18th Century
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
610.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
1-55(55쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Royal tombs are one of the treasures of the data for the cultural history of Chosun(朝鮮) dynasty. They show how the cultural expressions in Chosun period were changed with the same materials as they repeated the dame materials. In addition, the royal tombs are the symbol of the continous prestige of the royal family, therefore the political deeds related with the events at the royal tombs between the kings and the high government officials can reflect the executive process of the regal power. All the processes-the choice of the sites, the construction, the sacrificial rites, and the management of the royal tombs-were closely related with the execution of the regal power.
The simplification of the construction of the royal tombs was the general trend, unless the weakened prestige of the sovereignty should be concealed though the construction of the royal tombs. Though the high government officials initiated this trend under the reign of King Hyeonjong(顯宗), it also possessed the possibility to conflict with the sovereign authority. But under the reigns of King Sukjong(肅宗) and Yeongjo(英祖), the kings could control the high government officials in some degree by their being the balancing role of the conflict between the high officials through the political factions. So the kings initiated the simplification of the royal tombs. King Jeongjo(正祖) had the folding screen stone, which had been abolished by Song Siyeol(宋時烈)'s faction, constructed at his father's tombs, Hyeonnyungwon(顯隆園), which was not even a royal tomb. Though it seems to strengthen the regal power much more than when King Sukjong had initiated the simplification of the royal tombs, the fact shows practically also the King Jeongjo was aware of pressure of the high officials much more seriously.
The application of Goripjje(雇立制), wages payment for the laborers, instead of the compulsory labor in the manpower mobilization for the establishment of the royal tombs, and the interest in the preservation of the forests around the royal tombs, reflect the interest in the preservation of that time. Not only the royal family but also the high officials tried to meet the changes by strengthening the Seongnihak(性理學)'s standard. The movement initiated by Song Siyeol, wanted to reflect the result of studies of the old cases under the reign of King Hyeonjong, to the sacrificial rites for the royal tombs. But it shows a distinctive difference from the situation of King Yeongjo and KingJeongjo, that did not deny the principle of Seongnihak but reflected the social changes in the contemporary, on the basis of Kukjooryeui(國朝五禮儀) for the arrangement of national rituals.
As the ideological leader of the faction of Seoin(西人) in those days, Song Siyeol carried out his will related with this matter on the pretext of the public welfare through rhe processes to select the sites of the royal tombs. The fact that the king could not but admit the situation and assisted the other factions with the balance between the factions so that he could practice the initiative, can be clearly found in the process that the tombs site of King Hyojong was selected and transferred.
One of the methods that the king used to control the power of the high officials that were represented by Song Siyeol, was the one with which the king broke the medieval political operation reflecting the public opinion of the high officials through the issues of forests, and with which the king aimed to secure the orthodoxy in the innovation of the public welfare. That intention of which was well reflected by the king's visiting the royal tombs. Another method was the one with which the king admitted Song's ideology but intended to hold control over the power of the high officials related with the issue. Of course, it is doubtful that the kings could secure the power and justification surely to manage the substantial situations after breaking the medieval political operational principles at that time.
It would be difficult that the conclusion can be made directly and decisively through the limited materials of the construction and management of the royal tombs. However, the selection of the sites of the royal tombs, construction, management, sacrificial rites of them, and the political meanings of kings' visiting the royal tombs may allow us to understand the situations of the period.
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