1886년 元山 劉家驤 ‘自盡案’ 續考 = Second Study on the Liu Jiaxiang’s Suicide Case in Wonsan, 1886

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 1884, the Wonsan area faced food shortages due to monsoon rains and poor harvests. Joseon sought rice imports from the Qing Dynasty. Chen Shutang, consul general in Joseon of the Qing Dynasty, responded actively. In early May 1885, rice grains sent by Shanghai's giant merchant Chen Keliang and others entered the port of Wonsan. Chen Keliang set up a branch selling rice in Wonsan. Huang Jianpo and Liu Jiaxiang were in charge of the practical affairs of the store. About 10 months later, Liu Jiaxiang committed suicide.
There were many problems with the attitude and response of the consuls of the Qing Dynasty who were directly or indirectly involved in this tragic incident. First is Consul General Chen Shutang. Chen was the largest shareholder of the store with Chen Keliang, a distant family man from the same hometown. In October 1885, Chen Shutang, who was irreplaceable in terms of status and equity, was suddenly replaced. He played no role in solving the problem when the problem arose in the store. No matter how much he retired, he remained irresponsible. The following is Liu Jiacong, consul of Wonsan. Liu Jiaxiang's elder brother, Liu Jiacong, was entrusted with the right to operate the store by Chen Shutang. He forgot the boundaries between bureaucrats and merchants. It was natural that he was criticized in the diplomatic and business circles of Wonsan. Not only did he operate individual warehouses there, but he also set the cost of keeping rice in storage at twice the market price. Huang Jianpo refused to pay the storage fee, but Liu pushed his way. Liu Jiacong's improper conduct was the origin of this tragedy.
Chen was replaced by Yuan Shikai. Yuan appointed Liu Jiacong as consul of Busan, and Liu Jiaxiang as temporary consul of Wonsan. These personnel changes also affected the operation of stores. Huang, who had been vindictive of Liu Jiacong, became the sole manager of the actual business of the store. Liu assigned a mission to his brother as he left Wonsan. It was a job to collect debts from Huang. Hwang refused to pay under the pretext of having to settle accounts in Shanghai. Liu Jiaxiang, caught between the two, became embarrassed. Liu Jiaxiang's behavior was also problematic. In addition to the dispute with Huang, the money transactions with Joseon merchants were also complicated. There was also a happening in which he forgot his status as a temporary worker for a while. He didn't understand what political significance the power shift from Chen to Yuan Shikai had. As Yao Wenzao became the consul of Yuanshan, Liu Jiaxiang lost his job. The embattled Liu has found a way out. It was the way to appeal to Tan Gengyao and Liu Jiacong. The result was disastrous. Tan, a vice consul of the Qing Dynasty in Joseon, did not cooperate at all. Liu Jiacong pressed his brother for the settlement of accounts. Huang noticed a loophole and paid off the debt in a malicious way. Liu Jiaxiang even lost the means of settling accounts to his brother. In the end, he committed suicide.
Yuan Shikai was meticulous in dealing with the suicide cases. Only Huang was actually punished. Three former or current diplomats were not reprimanded, but direct or indirect personnel measures followed. Chen has already returned home. Yuan did not bother to disclose his predecessor's inappropriate behavior. Liu Jiacong was brought home in the name of his mother's funeral. No further investigation was conducted, but he was not even called Joseon again. Tan also returned to the Qing Dynasty about two months later. All three were ousted from all official duties instead of reprimanding them. At first glance, it was a loose and passive follow-up. But the reality was different. Liu and Tan, who were Chen's connections, were replaced by Yao Wenzao and Lee Yinwu, who were Yuan's connections. Yuan had moved toward strengthening his power base. It was a careful procedure. Yuan's personnel management was sophisticated and active. The political acumen of the new ...

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