요한계시록에서의 요엘서 사용

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 요한계시록에서 사용되고 있는 요엘서에 대한 연구이다. 본 소고는 요한계시록에서의 요엘서 사용에 관한 기존의 학적 노력이 가지는 한계를 극복하고, 요엘서의 요한계시록에서의 사용을 좀 더 종합적이고 체계적으로 분석하려고 시도했다. 본 논문은 신약에서의 구약 암시적 사용을 판단하는 기준을 방법론으로 삼아, 한편으로 요한계시록에서 사용되는 요엘서가 단순히 요한계시록에서 구약의 문맥과 원래 의미를 떠나 변용되어 새로운 의미가 부여되어 사용되는 것이 아니라, 오히려 요엘서의 문맥과 의미를 충실히 반영하고 있음을 논증한다. 또한 요엘서의 중요한 주제인 회개의 촉구와 회개의 거부로 인한 멸망이라는 주제가 요한계시록에서 저자가 요엘서를 사용하는 의도임을 논증하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 요한계시록의 네 본문들에서 요엘서가 실제로 사용되고 있는지를 증명하고 난후, 각 단락에서의 요엘서 해석과 사용의도를 분석했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article looks into the use of Joel in the Book of Revelation. It has been widely recognized that the prophetic writings of the Old Testament such as Isaiah, Daniel, Ezekiel and Zechariah are used in the Book of Revelation. However, in spite of two studies (Strazicich"s monograph and Jauhiainen"s artile) on the use of Joel in John"s Apocalypse, a comprehensive and systematic examination of the same topic has not been carried out until now. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing allusions to Joel in four passages in the Book of Revelation and also attempts to interact with Strazicich"s argument that the author of Revelation resignifies Joel"s texts, which accordingly highlights the sharp discontinuity between Joel and John"s Apocalypse.
Our examination of the sixth seal passages (Rev 6:12-17) lead us to argue that Rev. 6:12 uses Joel 3:4 and Rev. 6:17 also alludes to Joel 2:11 on the basis of a unique verbal similarity, unique word order and thematic parallel. Our analysis indicates that the reason why the author of Revelation uses Joel in the passages of the six seal (Rev. 6:12-17) is the theme of call to repentance dominated in Joel 2:12-17.
The next analysis of the use of Joel in Revelation is focused on Rev. 9:1-11 which deals with the fifth trumpet scene and we maintain that Joel 3:3-4 is used in Rev. 9:2 and several descriptions of the army of locusts in Joel (1:6; 2:4-5) along with the reference to trumpet in Joel 2 are employed in the fifth trumpet scene. On the basis of the presence of Joel in Rev. 9:1-11, our study argues that the themes of call to repentance and of warning about God"s unreversible judgment as a result of rejection to repentance are the significant reason for John to use Joel"s texts in the passage under examination. Our observation of Rev. 14:14-20 in connection with the vintage imagery claims that the theme of God"s certain judgment of the unrepentant to vindicate the righteous in the final war at the Valley of Jehoshaphat is taken into account in the book of Revelation. Our final investigation into the use of Joel in Rev. 16:14 argues that the theme of God"s unchangeable, final judgment of those who oppose both God and the righteous has in view.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 초록
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 요한계시록에서의 요엘서 사용
• Ⅲ. 결론
• 참고 문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 박두환, "일곱 나팔 재앙의 의미(계 8:2-11:19)" 한국신약학회 17 (17): 1015-1043, 2010
• 2 이필찬, "요한계시록 어떻게 읽을 것인가?" 성서유니온 2003
• 3 반 게메렌, "예언서 연구" 엠마오 1993
• 4 이필찬, "내가 속히 오리라" 이레서원 2006
• 5 Bauckham, Richard, "The Theology of The Book of Revelation" CUP 1993
• 6 Jauhiainen, "The Minor Prophets in Revelation, In The Minor Prophets in the New Testament" T&T Clark 2009
• 7 Nogalski, James D., "The Day(s) of YHWH in the Book of the Twelve, In Thematic Threads in the Book of the Twelve. BZAW 325" de Gruyter 2003
• 8 Bauckham, Richard, "The Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation" T&T Clark 1993
• 9 Beale, G. K., "The Book of Revelation" Eerdmans 1999
• 10 Beale, G. K., "Revelation, In Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament" Baker 1081-1161, 2007
• 11 Boring, M. Eugene, "Revelation" John Knox 1989
• 12 Osborne, Grant R., "Revelation" Baker 2002
• 13 Strazicich, John, "Joel's Use of Scripture and the Scripture's Use of Joel: A Study in the Appropriation and Resignification of Scripture in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity" Fuller Theological Seminary 2004
• 14 Stuart, Douglas, "Hosea-Jonah" Word 1987
• 15 Kim, Kyoung-Shik, "God Will Judge Each One According to Works: Judgment According to Works and Psalm 62 in Early Judaism and the New Testament" de Gruyter 2010
• 16 Paulien, Jon, "Criteria and the Assessment of Allusions to the Old Testament in the Book of Revelation, In Studies in the Book of Revelation" T&T Clark 2001
• 17 Pietersma, Albert, "A New English Translation of the Septuagint" CUP 2007