자유와 선택 : 여가의 구성 요소에 대한 개념적인 분석 Conceptual Analysis of Leisure Properties = Freedom and Choice

국문 초록 (Abstract)

여가의 핵심적인 요소라 할 수 있는 인지적 자유와 선택의 자유 사이의 구별과 그 변화는 여라 여가 연구의 주제로 선택되고 있다. 그러나 이 둘 사이에는 그 구분이 아주 애매하다. 즉, 인지적 자유가 없는 상황에서 활동을 선택해야 하는 경우도 있고, 또, 여가를 경험하는 도중에도 인지적 자유가 일관성 있게 나타나지 않게 간헐적으로 경험되기도 한다. 바꾸어 말하자면 여가에서의 선택이 반드시 인지적 자유를 동반하는 것이 아니라 의무나 필요와 같은 외부적인 구속에 의해 결정되기도 하며 참여 도중에도 인지적 자유가 상황적인 요인들에 의해 방해를 받게 된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The discussion of perceived freedom and free choice in leisure has been launched from philosophical debates on determinism and indeterminism which embraces human freedom and choice behavior. In determinism. the nature, or universe where human beings must live in accord is the only entity that controls the order, and such unique being is cometimes called 'god.'
Determinists proclaim that all human actions including choice behavior have predetermined by this cause and effiect. and order. and there is no available freedom whatsoever. On the other hand, indeterminism emphasizes human capacity, creativity, and manipulative ability both on internal and external world. At the same time it maintains the notion that men can choose his action by his unique will and voluntary power.
Perceived freedom which refers to a mental condition of leisure participants through which they feel complete freedom and satisfaction about their ctivity choices and involvement. has long been recognized as a prime factor in every type of leisure experiences, By some leisure scholars, perceived freedom, by its relational importance, also recognized as synonym as free choice, because leisure experience could be possible by freely chosen activities. However, the degree of freedom differ depending upon participants' psychological reactions toward outer constrains. from the start to the end period of leisure experiences.
The determinants of variance of perceived freedom and free choice are both internal and external in nature. It means that perceived freedom could be changed by emotional make-up and reaction of participants. and situational variables as well. Social roles, responsibilities, and mood changes are the few examples of this circumstance.
Of these, ongoing consent,' and 'intensification' are illustrated as the major factors which explain the cause of change of perceived freedom and choice throughout the leisure experiences. Ongoing consent refers to a participant's agreeable attitude to changing situation. and intensification means to intensify the daily living experiences through leisure setting.
In summary, although perceived freedom is undoubtedly the core of leisure experience, it is apparent that perceived freedom could be deformed from time to time throughout the entire leisure experience including the period of activity selection to ceasing of involvement. If we adapt the philosophical theories of human action. both deterministic and indeterministic interpretations have certain validities in explaining human experiences of leisure. To determinists. perceived freedom, free choice, and actual involvement could be antecedently happened in leisure experience. On the other hand. indeterminists, argue that human beings have a right to manage their own freedom by which they could choose freely and take obligations and responsibilities to its results accordingly.