유배기 정약용 삼대토지제도론의 추이

국문 초록 (Abstract)

사환기의 다산은 전업에 기초한 ‘농자득전’을 삼대 토지제도의 이상적 원리로 제시했다. 하지만 『맹자집주』의 고법 이해를 따랐던 까닭에, ‘농자득전’의 고법을 삼대 전역에서 해명하지는 못했다.
유배기의 다산은 여러 경전을 탐구하고 통섭하는 가운데, 몇 번의 단계를 거쳐 ‘농자득전’의 고법적 양상을 삼대 전역에서 논증해갔다. 먼저 정지가 시행된 時空을 삼대 전역으로 확대했고[삼대정지론], 이어 모든 정지에 공전이 설치되었다고 보았으며[일원적 삼대공전론], 마지막으로는 10구법과 정지를 구분하여 양자가 각기 권역을 달리해 기내에서 시행되었다고 보았다.[이원적 삼대공전론] 이같은 과정 속에서 다산은 3경과 『주례』를 중심으로 4서를 통섭 및 재해석했다. 그리고 공전을 삼대의 보편적이고도 핵심적인 제도로 간주했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to argue the course of understanding about the Three Periods"s land system. In Jeonron(〈田論〉, 1798)”, he proposed Land-to-the-Tiller Principle(農者得田) as the ideology of the Three Periods"s land system under nine consecutive jobs. However, he could not explain the principle under Old Law(古法) because his method of understanding old law was based on the Collected Commentaries on the Book of Mencius(『孟子集註』), which regarded Nine-square Field(井田) as a partial land system of Three Periods.
Dasan explored the Three Periods ruling system and its Old Law(古法) during his exile period(1800-1818), and constantly modified and supplemented the viewpoint of the period of official career. It can be broadly divided into three stages.
The first was the Samdae Jungjiron(三代井地論), which regarded the Nine-square Field(井田) as a section of the whole area of the Three Periods Land by breaking away from the way of understanding Nine-square Field(井田) of Collected Commentaries on the Book of Mencius(『孟子集註』). However, he maintained the Classical style of Mencius(『孟子』), which matched Gongjeon(公田) with Jobeob(助法).
The second stage was a One-way Samdaegingjeonron(一元的三代公田論) which considered Gongjeon(公田) was installed inwhole agricultural land of Three Periods. This opinion couldbe made by breaking away from the Classical style ofMencius(『孟子』), which matched Gongjeon(公田) with Jobeob(助法). As a result, the ideology of Bunjeon(分田) and Jerock(制祿) could be specifically proved through the Old Law(古法) of Gongjeon(公田).
The third stage was Two-way Samdaegingjeonron(二元的 三代公田論), which means that although Gongjeon(公田) was installed around the whole agricultural area of Three Periods, the division method was different from the Ten-square Field(10溝法) and the Nine-square Field(井田). In particular, Dasan studied Zhou-li(『周禮』) in earnest under the Two-ways Samdaegingjeonron(二元的 三代公田論), and through this he regarded Gongjeon(公田) as the key law of the ruling system including the land system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Abstract
• 1. 緖論
• 2. 사환기: 理想과 古法의 不照應
• 3. 유배기의 독법 변화(1): 三代井地論
• 4. 유배기의 독법 변화 삼대(2): 一元的 三代公田論
• 5. 유배기의 독법 변화(3): 二元的 三代公田論
• 6. 경전 해석의 특징
• 7. 結論
• 참고문헌