Relations between the Southern Dynasties (Nanchao) and the Xiyu = 西域과 南朝의 文物 交流

국문 초록 (Abstract)

주지하다시피, 서역과 남조의 교섭에 앞서 그 이전시기인 漢代부터, 三國, 魏晉代를 걸쳐 중국은 서역과 잦은 왕래와 교류가 있어왔다. 그래서 남조정권의 서역에 대한 인식과 이해는 이미 성숙된 단계에 이르렀다고 할 수 있다. 다만 중국 자체의 정국변화에 따라 교류의 빈도와 규모가 각기 다른 양상을 보여주고 있을 뿐이다. 특히 남조 시기는 정치적 판도가 남북으로 갈라져 첨예하게 대립하고 있던 상황이라 남조의 경우 서역과의 직접적인 교섭이 다소 불편했던 시기였다. 한편 로마제국 내부의 정치적 소용돌이도 동서문화교류의 네트웍에 상당한 영향을 주었다.
반면 북조정권의 對西域 교섭은 지리적 환경과 역사성으로 인해 여전히 매우 활발한 교류를 진행하고 있었다. 그러나 남조정권과 서역의 교섭이 단절되거나 전혀 이루어지지 않은 것은 아니다. 교섭의 통로는 사실 더욱 다양해졌으며 특히 서남교통로와 남해 연안해로의 새로운 교섭루트가 확보됨으로써 서역과의 직접적인 접촉은 여전히 진행되었다. 이러한 대외적 배경은 남조사회에 적지 않은 서역의 문화적 요소들을 남기면서 양자의 교섭을 想定할 수 있게 되었다.
남조와 서역의 구체적 교섭상황은 고고자료 및 일부 문헌기록에서 관찰되고 있어 당시의 대외관계를 설명하는데 객관적 증거를 마련해주고 있다. 본문은 이러한 문헌기록과 관련 고고자료를 함께 검토해보고 또 남조의 對西域 교섭과정과 방식에 대한 고찰도 병행함으로써 당시 동서문물교류의 일면을 조명해보려 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Previous studies have reported that China had frequent correspondence and exchanges with western countries through the Three Kingdoms period and the Disunity period from the Han Dynasty period. Thus, it is thought that the Nanchao regime"s awareness and understanding of the western countries already reached a matured phase. However, the frequency and scale of exchanges show different aspects depending on China"s own political changes. China sharply stood face to face in terms of political domination because of its two civil divisions into north and south regimes, especially during the Nanchao period. During the Nanchao period the direct approach to and negotiations with western countries was somewhat inconvenient.
In the meantime, the Roman Empire"s internal political vortex also had a significant impact on the network in East-West cultural exchanges. On the other hand, the Northern dynasties" bargaining with western countries proceeded with very active exchanges due to geographical environment and history. However, the bargaining between the Southern Dynasties and western countries was neither disconnected nor unfulfilled. Rather, the passage of negotiations became more diversified. In particular, since new bargaining routes were secured, direct contact with the west was still in progress. These external backgrounds left considerable cultural factors on the societies of the Southern Dynasties. This therefore enables us to conclude the bargaining between both parties.
Since the specific bargaining situation between the Southern Dynasties and western countries is observed in records from archaeological data and in some literature, it serves to provide objective evidence. This paper attempts to look into the aspect of East-West civilization exchanges at the time by reviewing archaeological materials related to literature records and at the same time discussing the Southern Dynasties" bargaining process and form.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Diplomacy of Nanchao (the Southern Dynasties) toward Western Regions
• Context of diplomatic relations between Nanchao and the Western Regions
• Relations between Nanchao and the Western Regions revealed through archaeological evidence
• Conclusions
• Abstract
• 국문초록

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