반계 유형원의 봉건,군현론과 공전제 = The perception on the Feudal(封建),Prefecture-Country(郡縣) and Public Land System(公田制) by Bangyae Yu Hyeong-Weon

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Bangyae Yu Hyeong-Weon(磻溪 柳馨遠) suggested Public Land System[公田制, Gongjeon-jae] to reform the land system which was in disorder due to the prevailing feudal landownership. There had been two different historic lines on the public land system. one was based on the state-ownership, which was regarded stagnant, whereas the other was reformative one, which was based on the private-ownership. Bangyae`s system succeeded to the latter. Bangyae`s system started from that state should gain control of the private ownership of land which was prevalent at that time, then redistribute the land to farmers. Furthermore, it was very original that by critically applying the Feudal System(封建制), he intended to solve the contradiction of the Prefecture-Country System(郡縣制). Previous Scholars were skeptical about the realistic possibility of Well-Field System(井田制). However, what he rediscovered from Well-Field System Established by Kija(箕子井田) was that if the land was divided in the shape of ‘Jeon(田)’, it could be possible to apply the system to practice. In other words, he argued that it was necessary to fit Well-field system into the landform of Chosun Dynasty. He focused the reformation of the tax system as well. He thought that in order to solve the contradiction of the Prefecture-Country System(郡縣制), it was necessary to deprive Tax Collection Right(收租) of Bureaucrats. Moreover, he argued that the tax rate should be cut to a tenth, which had been regarded the most ideal and equitable rate since Ha(夏), Eun(殷), and Zhou(周) Dynasty. By doing this, he trusted that it was also possible to strengthen royal authority and to make the nation firmly based on Public Land System(公田制). The nation that Bangyae designed based on Public Land System could stop land dominance by the Tax Collection Right(收租權) and guarantee Ownership of Public land System(公田的 所有權). That is to say, the nation acknowledge landownership, but redistribute it equally. Thus finally the reformation of landownership like this way was aiming at the stabilization of farmers and the enhancing of national prosperity.

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