KCI등재
결혼(結婚)한 부인(婦人)의 시부모(媤父母)와의 동거형태(同居形態) = Post-nuptial Coresidence of Married Women in Korea
저자
김민자 ( Minja Kim ) ; 공세권 ( Sae Kwon Kong ) ; 조애저 ( Ae Jeo Cho )
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1991
작성언어
Korean
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
67-82(16쪽)
제공처
이 연구는 韓國保健社會硏究院이 만15세 이상 기혼부인 2,838명을 대상으로 실시한 家族機能과 役割에 관한 조사자료를 기초로 旣婚婦人의 媤父母와의 同居樣相과 그 關聯要因을 檢討한 것이다.
旣婚婦人과 媤父母와의 同居는 1960年 이전 결혼코호트에서는 약 3/4에 달했으나 1980년 이후 결혼코호트에서는 1/3로 감소했고, 남편이 長男인 경우는 같은 결혼코호트에서 91%가 47%로 감소되었다.
이러한 점은 산업화로 인한 社會 · 經濟的 要件과 個人 또는 家庭的 要件이 전통규범만을 준수할 수 없게 하는 가운데서 結婚後 父母와의 別居形態가 증가되어 老人의 家族扶養은 별도의 對策이 要求됨을 지적하고 있다.
Introduction
Korea is known to have one of the most patriarchal family system influenced by the Confucian culture (Lee, 1990 : 118-113 : Tsuya and Choe, 1991). Under the traditional Korean family system, parents select children`s marital spouses and the eldest son brings his bride into his parental home while other siblings form their own households upon marriage, sometimes following a brief period of coresidence with the husband`s parents.
Since 1960, Korea has experienced fast industrialization and urbanization. At the same time, women were getting increasingly higher level of education and more women are participating in the labor force. These changes are likely to have influenced the living arrangements of young married couples.
This paper examines the pattern of the postnuptial coresidence of married women in Korea in recent years, and the factors associated with it. The study is based on the data from the Survey of Family Role in Korea conducted by Korea Institute for Population and Health in 1989. The survey collected information from 2,838 ever married women of ages 15 and over about their marriage, fertility, health status of the family, and their roles within and outside the family.
Patterns of post-nuptial coresidence
The pattern of post-nuptial coresidence is examined for three marriage cohorts, before 1960, 1960~1979, and 1980 or later. Women who did not have any surviving parents-in-law at the time of marriage were excluded from the analysis. The three marriage cohorts exhibit different characteristics reflecting the rapid socioeconomic changes that took place in Korea in the recent past(Table 3). The post-nuptial coresidence with husband`s family seems to have been the norm for the pre- 1960 marriage cohort. Among them, although only about half of women report that their husbands were first sons, the proportion of women experiencing post-nuptial coresidence is over three quarters. The proportion has dropped to about one third among the post-1980 marriage cohort. The proportion of women living in urban areas is much smaller among the pre-1960 marriage cohorts compared to the other two cohorts reflecting rapid urbanization. The proportion of women whose husbands are first sons are slightly over one half among the pre-1960 marriage cohort and slightly under one half among later marriage cohorts. This reflects the slight increase in fertility during the 1900~1960 period.
The most dramatic changes are observed in the parental influence in marriage process. Practically all women who were married before 1960 met their husbands in some formally way or by introduction by someone belonging to the older generation. The proportion of women who met their future husbands through an informal setting (as neighbor, at school, at work, or by introduction by a friend) increased to nearly half of the post-1980 marriage cohort. The final decision of the choice of husband has become more independent from parent`s influence.
The percentages of women who lived with their parent (s)-in-law right after marriage are shown in Table 4 by the marriage cohort and selected characteristics of women. The table shows a substantial declining trend in the post-nuptial coresidence. In addition, higher percentage of post-nuptial coresidence is associated with more traditional characteristics: rural post-nuptial residence; younger age at marriage I growing up in rural areas 1 more traditional marriage process 1 and lower of education.
Determinants of post-nuptial coresidence
This sections examines the statistical significance of the net effect of determinants of post-nuptial coresidence for the three marriage cohorts defined in the previous section. We examine (1) residence after marriage, (2) whether husband is first son, (3) woman`s age at marriage, (4) place of growth of woman, (5) place of growth of husband, (6) how woman first met husband, (7) role of parents in choosing husband, (8) woman`s level of education, and (9) year of marriage.
The estimated logit regression coefficients are shown in Table 5, and Table 6 shows the estimated percentages of women living with husband`s parents after marriage by marriage cohort and other characteristics that are found to be statistically significant. Couples who lived in rural areas right after marriage experienced higher probability of coresidence with husband`s parents. The post-nuptial coresidence decreased substantially among all women regardless of the level of education, the urban residents showing sharper decrease. The probability of coresidence is about twice larger if husband is the first son compared to other sons.
It is interesting to note that the probability of coresidence is higher if husband grew up in urban areas. Earlier, we noted that the relationship between coresidence and place of residence after marriage is the opposite: rural residents are more likely to live with husband`s parents. We interpret this result as being the consequences of the rural-urban migration which is selective on young adults. It is likely that husbands who grew up in rural areas are more likely to have migrated away from home and is less likely to live with parents after marriage, after controlling for other factors in the model.
The level of education is found not to be statistically significant in explaining the post-nuptial coresidence in the multivariate analysis. Thus, the large difference in post-nuptial coresidence by different educational attainment shown in Table 4 seems to be due to other related factors such as post-nuptial residence and age at marriage.
In summary, the post-nuptial living arrangement of the young married couples is experiencing rapid changes in Korea. The proportion of couples living with husband`s parents immediately after marriage is declining, especially in urban areas. The first sons are still much more likely to reside with parents after marriage than other sons, but the effect of birth order is weakening. On the other hand the effects of situational factors such as residence, and rural to urban migration are increasing. The role of women`s education is statistically insignificant in determining the post-nuptial coresidence with husband`s parents.
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