시대상에서 살펴본 소파문학의 형성과정 = The formation process of Sofa`s literature through the times

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pre-researchers who studied about Bang Jeong-hwan focused on analysis of his literature which gives children pleasure on the basis of Bang Jeong-hwan’s love for children. However, I focused on Bang Jeong-hwan’s love for children from his children’s song and educational efficiency of children’s story in my research. Sopa Bang Jeong-hwan chooses literature way which feeling children’s sadness together. At that time, children do not have their motherland song. Bang Jeong-hwan has few creative nursery rhymes, but they have rhythmical elements which makes children easy to sing along such as 「Old Dragonfly」. 「Old dragonfly」also represents Joseon-era people who suffer from Japanese Colonization. There are also many literatures which overcome a national sadness in Sofa’s children’s song. One of them is 「Mother」. The 「Mother」is seen as sympathy about sadness of oppressed nation and maltreated children. Sofa is also produced Gorae children’s story, not only, of course, adapted a foreign children’s story but also adapted an old story. There was no children’s literature development if we do not work on finding a Gorae children’s story or import a foreign children’s story even if it is an inevitable consequence. Bang Jeong-hwan put children’s story needs to give pleasure to children before children’s story is read by children only for educational purposes. For this reason, Sofa’s children’s literature is focused on contents than formalism. However, the meaning of pleasure at this time is not just for pleasure it also teaches the children. Bang Jeong-hwan considered three important things as his children’s story writing methods; first of all, makes story easy for children; second, makes children happy; third, consider educational meaning so do not exclude educational usefulness. Sofa also showed these things through his literature. A representative children’s story, Catching a Bear by Father and Sons in 1930s is storied by One of our proverb, Seeming like father and two sons catch a bear. Like a meaning of proverb; everything could be achieved if sticky power of blood band together; if our people stand together, we could do everything although our people live under the pressure of Japanese Colonization. This story was red widely which giving hope and brave to children in hard reality. Furthermore, the Prince character from one of the Bang Jeonghwan’s famous foreign children’s story; 「Prince and Swallow」, is similar to Sofa’s character. Sofa’s image is overlapped with the Prince who died after he had given everything what he has to disadvantaged children. In addition, every fact about Prince is known to people, so the statue of Prince is remade with all jewels. When Sofa wrote his literature lively, our country is suffered from Japanese Colonization. It’s natural that Bang Jeong-hwan’s literature person is never smooth. The most noticeable from his literature is 「Literature of Tears」that even though the character has obstacle, he never give up and do his endeavor. Although a child has superb display of talent, he is surrounded by a secluded mountain because of his poor conditions. As Bang Jeong-hwan wrote 「Literature of Tears」, he said about sadness of Joseon’s children. Sofa was always thought how to make Joseon’s children in great state and grow correctly. Most of Joseon’s children are poor themselves, even though no more their parents bully their children. Like a Sofa’s word, The power of extending children is dried up and reduced, it was time that country and word are dispossessed. Sofa always said that not scold and bully children but understand and treat them with compliments. These make children have confident and brave. There are lots of poor people in Sofa’s story adaptation or creative children’s story, and these people are described who excellently pass through their crisis. What Bang Jeong-hwan always wanted to say to children is overcome the difficulties with hope and brave. Like this, Bang Jeong-hwan’s literature is connected to educational undertone of Joeson reality recognition. Bang Jeong-hwan always regarded work for children is as a pleasure and what he has to do. The regrettable thing is Bang Jeonghwan made a poor living, but even he did not get a time for curing his disease. Bang Jeong-hwan worried only children when he fought with death until the very end. Even though Sofa passed away at the age of 30, his reputation is still diffused over the eighty years. Sofa’s billow will never dry up forever, and saturated to children’s mind.