KCI등재
출산력전환(出産力轉換)과 2차적(次的) 영향(影響) = Recent Fertility Transition and its Secondary Effects in Korea
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1986
작성언어
Korean
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
3-23(21쪽)
제공처
This study has examined the recent fertility transition and its secondary effects from macro- developmental view. Fertility decline has revealed two different point of view in the process of demographic transition.
It was illustrated that in the Western societies, fertility decline had resulted from complexed effects according to changes of socio-economic structure since industrialization, while it is emphasized that a majority of developing countries including Korea, where the fertility has been declined, has actively suggested through the motivation of fertility control and its derive has affected on fertility decline even prior to industrialization.
As a new developing model of induced fertility control, Korea as well as Taiwan have recommended fertility control policy to be a population control policy at the national dimension. Nevertheless, foreseeable advantages or disadvantage with a few-oriented child-bearing at individual or family unit level had become the major motive for eligible women of fertility target rather than the collaborating attitude toward population control policy at national level. Those results have greatly devoted to population control which has been established as a national policy.
While the main motive of a-few-child orientation has differentiated from individuals and families, it generally has influxed from increase of home economics, high educational level, cultural and emotional family life, self-realization of the needs of reproductive generation and so on.
As the concern about population has always appeared at relative aspect, so the impact of fertility decline can be found in the slow down of over-population increase and change of demographic structure.
While fertility control as a population control policy was mainly composed of on contraceptive services, it is estimated that complexed impact of variable relevant to prevalent induced abortion or marriage and variable relevant to demographic structure has derived fertility decline. Since the recent fertility shows accumulating phenomenon on the later twenties with rapid change in fertility tempo and total fertility rate reaches 2.1, these all can be estimated stable population in the forthcoming early 2000.
In Korea, it shows that population pattern different from Western society, more rapid mortality decline and acceleration of fertility decline, consequently that the aging would occure more rapidly and, conceivably, the proportions of oldder ages might reach higher level, and actual negative growth might be reached more quickly. The implication is that the issues of manpower, health and social security associated with aging need to be faced more complicated issues. It has also partly told that change of education and employment patterns, increasing of housing need due to nuclear family, marriage boom and health care for elderly people along with forthcoming aging.
The impact of fertility decline on individual or family leads more greater concern about inevitable secondary effects beyond primary effect of shrunken-up of family size. Firstly small family orientation during the last half century has shortened childbearing period from 11 years to 3 years and decreased more than two-third in family life cycle.
In respect to the concept of family life cycle, the longevity of child rearing and educational periods seems extended from 14 years to 23 years during last 50 years or so has devoted to qualitative child rearing and education as well as improvement of korean home economics system. This factor will be prominent with change of fertility and will be seen to affect on the overall the family life.
Small family norm brought about more attention on maternal and child health care and gave a chance for self-realization of women with expanding educational opportunity. One of the important changes of women`s concepts about their role in that they could achieve self-realization and seeking income for the family through participation in economic activities. As matter of fact, women`s labor participation rate in Korea has steadily increased especially in premarital and after child bearing ages.
But the nuclear type small family trend does not always give a positive aspect of family welfare. Nuclear family is involving aging care problem in the case of avoiding care for the aged parent and expecting confusion in succession of family culture. Nuclear family cannot be excluded of isolation of family membership or family dissolution, a various economic and educational problem caused by danger or single-parent family or children family, home affairs or child rearing and educational problem followed by employment of both married couple.
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