KCI등재
pragmatike historia와 tyche -폴리비오스의 역사이론과 서술의 실제- = pragmatike historia and tyche in Polybius' Histories
저자
김경현 (고려대학교)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2009
작성언어
Korean
주제어
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
109-147(39쪽)
KCI 피인용횟수
3
제공처
This paper discusses the question of consistency between theoretical premises and narrative practice in Histories of Polybius, the Greek historian who has been numbered together with his predecessor Thucydides in the top class of ancient historiography. For, while modelling Thucydides in setting the purpose of historical research and writing for providing practical lessons for future men of state-affairs (pragmata), he advanced further in formulating the methodological principles and the requirements for would-be historian. Thus, he was the first to conceptualize the pragmatike historia, and has been duly acknowledged as such.
The second chapter of this paper attempts to exhibit the cardinal aspects of the pragmatike historia. According to the historian, the genre of history he chose to write is different from that of the so-called genealogike historia: while Polybius himself does record mostly what he has seen and heard in person, thus likelier to be more faithful to the historical truth, the latter, usually tracing back to the remote past far beyond historian's ken, thus unavoidably dependent upon what has been transmitted through the writings of predecessors, by and large regardless of the truth. And Polybius tries to expound the methodology of research to the readers, as occasions are given throughout Histories. apodeiksis and aitiologia are its key-words: the former signifies the principle of analytically demonstrating facts by means of various evidences and testimony, the latter the causative explanation of historical events. The famous analysis of the Roman constitution and the military system as the secrets of Rome's success Polybius presents in the book VI of Histories epitomizes his rationalistic approach to history. And the confidence in human knowledge's continuous expansion his contemporaries are witnessing particularly in the field of ecumenical geography, reflects the historian's rationalism in a way very much reminiscent of the 18th century's European intellectual optimism.
Yet, does the narrative of Histories abide by the methodological principles? The third chapter answers to this question by testing one of the most prominent features of Polybius' narrative, namely the use of the term tyche. (the total appearance is 137 times) That the historian makes frequent recourses to it prima facie contradicts diametrically the conclusion just drawn in the previous chapter, for usual connotations of the term (chance, fortune, and fate) seemingly do replace, rather than supplement, the rational causation of events. The author of this paper firstly proposes classify the usage of tyche in Histories into three categories: etiological tyche, moral (or punitive) tyche, and teleological (or providential) tyche. As for the etiological tyche, there is no need to further our discussion, for the historian himself concedes its indispensability due to human perception's limitation in cases where natural elements affect or multiple factors converge to produce historical circumstance beyond the expectation of historical agents.
In the meantime, the remaining two categories are a different matter, if they are meant to be significant as of more than a conventional way of expression. For their premise is that a transcendental power intervenes in human affairs to punish the moral deviant or, to speak tyche operating on a far grander scale, to lead the entire oikumene according to a predestined plan (for example, a cycle of rise and fall). However, the final analysis of the concrete ways the historian refers to tyche, whether moral or providential, shows that the reference of tyche are nothing but a rhetorical and convenient way of expression. That moral tyche can't be by any means an objective force affecting human actions is revealed by its inconsistent nature. That is, the historian applies the operation of moral tyche solely to the figures alleged to be villains, while representing as outstanding exceptions to the rule ...
This paper discusses the question of consistency between theoretical premises and narrative practice in Histories of Polybius, the Greek historian who has been numbered together with his predecessor Thucydides in the top class of ancient historiography. For, while modelling Thucydides in setting the purpose of historical research and writing for providing practical lessons for future men of state-affairs (pragmata), he advanced further in formulating the methodological principles and the requirements for would-be historian. Thus, he was the first to conceptualize the pragmatike historia, and has been duly acknowledged as such.
The second chapter of this paper attempts to exhibit the cardinal aspects of the pragmatike historia. According to the historian, the genre of history he chose to write is different from that of the so-called genealogike historia: while Polybius himself does record mostly what he has seen and heard in person, thus likelier to be more faithful to the historical truth, the latter, usually tracing back to the remote past far beyond historian's ken, thus unavoidably dependent upon what has been transmitted through the writings of predecessors, by and large regardless of the truth. And Polybius tries to expound the methodology of research to the readers, as occasions are given throughout Histories. apodeiksis and aitiologia are its key-words: the former signifies the principle of analytically demonstrating facts by means of various evidences and testimony, the latter the causative explanation of historical events. The famous analysis of the Roman constitution and the military system as the secrets of Rome's success Polybius presents in the book VI of Histories epitomizes his rationalistic approach to history. And the confidence in human knowledge's continuous expansion his contemporaries are witnessing particularly in the field of ecumenical geography, reflects the historian's rationalism in a way very much reminiscent of the 18th century's European intellectual optimism.
Yet, does the narrative of Histories abide by the methodological principles? The third chapter answers to this question by testing one of the most prominent features of Polybius' narrative, namely the use of the term tyche. (the total appearance is 137 times) That the historian makes frequent recourses to it prima facie contradicts diametrically the conclusion just drawn in the previous chapter, for usual connotations of the term (chance, fortune, and fate) seemingly do replace, rather than supplement, the rational causation of events. The author of this paper firstly proposes classify the usage of tyche in Histories into three categories: etiological tyche, moral (or punitive) tyche, and teleological (or providential) tyche. As for the etiological tyche, there is no need to further our discussion, for the historian himself concedes its indispensability due to human perception's limitation in cases where natural elements affect or multiple factors converge to produce historical circumstance beyond the expectation of historical agents.
In the meantime, the remaining two categories are a different matter, if they are meant to be significant as of more than a conventional way of expression. For their premise is that a transcendental power intervenes in human affairs to punish the moral deviant or, to speak tyche operating on a far grander scale, to lead the entire oikumene according to a predestined plan (for example, a cycle of rise and fall). However, the final analysis of the concrete ways the historian refers to tyche, whether moral or providential, shows that the reference of tyche are nothing but a rhetorical and convenient way of expression. That moral tyche can't be by any means an objective force affecting human actions is revealed by its inconsistent nature. That is, the historian applies the operation of moral tyche solely to the figures alleged to be villains, while representing as outstanding exceptions to the rule his...
분석정보
연월일 | 이력구분 | 이력상세 | 등재구분 |
---|---|---|---|
2026 | 평가예정 | 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증) | |
2020-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (재인증) | KCI등재 |
2017-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (계속평가) | KCI등재 |
2013-01-01 | 평가 | 등재 1차 FAIL (등재유지) | KCI등재 |
2010-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) | KCI등재 |
2007-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 선정 (등재후보2차) | KCI등재 |
2006-01-01 | 평가 | 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) | KCI후보 |
2005-04-26 | 학회명변경 | 영문명 : 미등록 -> The Korean Society of History of Historiography | KCI후보 |
2005-04-10 | 학술지등록 | 한글명 : 韓國史學史學報외국어명 : The Korean Journal of History of Historiography | KCI후보 |
2004-01-01 | 평가 | 등재후보학술지 선정 (신규평가) | KCI후보 |
기준연도 | WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) | KCIF(2년) | KCIF(3년) |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.62 |
KCIF(4년) | KCIF(5년) | 중심성지수(3년) | 즉시성지수 |
0.61 | 0.54 | 1.937 | 0.12 |
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