KCI등재
도서 어촌의 사회구조 연구 : 서남해안 연안어촌의 후진성 분석을 중심으로 By Analysis of Sociological Factors of the Poverty of Fishing Villages in South-western Coastal Area = A Study on Social Structure of Fishing Villages in Islands of Korea
저자
최재율 (College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1976
작성언어
English
KDC
309.21104
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
47-76(30쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Some of the sociological factors responsible for the backwardness of fishing villages in south-western area of Korea were investigated through analysis of the social structure of the area. The fishing villages in this area have been underdeveloped, chiefly due to their geographical isolation and poor transportion as well as due to the characteristics of coastal fishery. Therefore, this study aims at unveiling the underlying causes of poverty and underdevelopment of the fishing villages.
The social structure of fishing villages is known to be different from that of agricultural villages. This difference seems to be caused mainly by the distinctive features of fishing grounds and fishing labors. The catch of fish is substantially determined either by luck or some natural conditions. Sometimes fishermen encounter so great disasters as resulting in deprivation of their properties or even their lives.
It is widely known that main characteristics of coastal fishery are small management size, over-population, and poor techniques. Furthermore, there still remain vestiges of traditional village community, the core of which is the mutual ownership of the production means; fishery ground is owned and managed jointly by the village; wharf and bulwork are built and run together by all the village residents. But there are two principles in operation of the fishing ground; the one is that it should be for the best benifit of the whole village, the other is that it should be used on the basis of equal opportunity. However, disputes often occur on the boundary of fishing ground among villages.
Houses are densely located in a village. Villagers have been living on the same island for long. A large number of fishing villages commonly hold and use the vessels for religious rites, the music instruments, and the facilities for funeral and wedding ceremony. We might well call it the traditional village community system of life. Fishing village has been functioned as a unit of comsumption, autonomy, and living system. Consequently, villagers are resemblant in the way of thinking and mode of behavior.
Social characteristics of fisherman are fatalistic, superstitious, and emotional, because of the uncertainty of their catch and the peril of their lives. Therefore the general structure of their consciousness are oriented to the epicureanismic rather than asceticismic and to the present rather than the future. Fisherman, however, has a strongly competitive consciousness, because of the peculiarity to the fishing ground use. Being influenced by the village community system, they are relatively conservative to authority and oriented to the collectivity.
The main reason that the fishing villages of south-western coastal area in Korea are so underdeveloped and poor lies in the structure and characteristics of their society. The statement above mentioned suggests the possible repetition of vicious cycle of poverty. The auther noticed an example of typical repititions of the vicious cycle in these areas.
Chollanamdo province holds the one third (35.5%) of total fishery population of Korea. This province has many islands that passenger-boats do not reach and where there are few households which specialized in fishery. A large number of islanders depend their livings primarily on farming. So the fishery is a side job to them. This phenomenon is not strange, because the fishery is an industry producing commodity of which price depends on unreliable transportation. Islanders, therefore, want to own farm land, adhering to agriculture, which is more stable in harvest and price than fishery. And many people in fishing village have regarded the fishery as an industry for the source of their secondary income. Moreover, educational opportunity is so limmited to the islanders that their level of education is much lower than that of mainlanders.
Sociological factors of underdevelopment of fishery in the coastal area can be summarized as follows: 1) Over-population and small sized fishery management 2) Planless production and living 3) Superstitious belief and fatalistic view of life. 4) Adherance to tradition and passive attitude to innovational adoption of techniques. 5) Paternalism and social control by mores, 6) Collectivity-oriented life attitudes and lack of independence 7) Low level of education, and so on.
Nowadays, socio-economic aspects have been gradually changed in fishing villages. That is, fishing population has been decreased since 1967, and fish catch per fisher bas been also remarkably increased since the early seventies. Now fishing village has the possibility to take off the backwardness, even though there still remain some impeding factors of the fishery development. The possibility can be ascertained by the awakening of fishermen's consciousness and their efforts for the betterment. Modernization of fishing village is not soley dependent upon geographical and economic conditions, but it can be achieved by their desires for improvement.
This paper confirms that the cause of poverty is basically due to social factors. The author sincerely hopes that fishing village will be better off through the improvement of social structure and fishers' desires and efforts for their betterment.
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