A Normative Critique of the Foucauldian Approaches to International Relations = 국제관계에 대한 푸코적 어프로치에 관한 규범론적 비판 : ‘이론적 다원주의’의 관점에서

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 주류 국제관계이론과 비판이론 간의 상호대화를 진작, 촉진하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 필자는 ‘이론적 다원주의’를 지지하는 입장에서, 우리가 푸코적 어프로치, 하버마스의 비판적 견해, 그리고 과학적 방법론의 상호보완성에 주목함으로써 국제관계연구를 더욱 풍부하게 할 수 있다는 점을 강조한다.
푸코적 어프로치는 헤게모니적 아이디어에 도전하는 데에는 매우 유용하다고 할 수 있다. 하지만, 푸코적 어프로치는 우리가 다양한 언술체계를 어떻게 선택하고 평가해야 하는지에 관한 기준을 제공해주지 못하고, 또한 국제정치에 관한 대안적 비전을 결여하고 있기 때문에, 미래의 좀 더 바람직한 국제관계에 관하여 별로 의미 있는 바를 논하고 있지 못하다. 하지만, 국제관계 분석에 있어서도 윤리, 도덕성, 혹은 규범적 문제는 끊임 없이 제기되고 있는 것 또한 현실이다. 세계화 시대에 있어서 신현실주의자들의 규범의 중요한 역할에 대한 부정이나 푸코주의자들의 국제관계에 있어서의 “지배에서 또 다른 지배에로”의 상황에 대한 비판은 둘 다 공히 우리가 규범적인 문제에 좀 더 심각한 주의를 기울여야 함을 잊게 만든다. 이러한 맥락에서, 하버마스의 규범론적 비판은 우리들로 하여금 극단적인 실증주의나 지적인 허무주의에서 벗어나도록 하는 계기를 마련해주고 있다. 지나친 단순화와 독단주의에 이의를 제기하는 ‘이론적 다원주의’의 입장에서 보면, 푸코적 어프로치에 대한 하버마스의 비판은 우리가 국제관계 연구에 있어서 다양한 패러다임과 언술체계를 어떻게 다루어야 할지에 대한 일말의 단서를 제공하고 길잡이가 되어준다고 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay purports to promote dialogue between mainstream international relations(IR) scholarship and critical theory. The author in support of theoretical pluralism emphasizes that IR scholarship can be enriched by paying attention to the complementary nature of Foucauldian approaches, Habermasian critiques, and scientific methods.
Foucauldian approaches are well-suited for challenging ‘hegemonic’ ideas but they have little to say about the future shape of IR due to Foucauldians’ lack of alternative vision for world politics and inability to present criteria as to how we choose and evaluate different discourses. However, questions of ethics, morality, or norms are ceaselessly raised in the IR analysis. Both Neorealist denial of the significant role of norms and Foucauldian critique of the situation of “from domination to domination” in IR take our attention away from normative concerns we have to take seriously in the era of globalization. In this juncture, Habermasian normative critique provides us with appropriate warnings against either extreme positivism or intellectual nihilism. In terms of theoretical pluralism against over-simplification and dogmatism, Habermasian critique of Foucauldian approaches can be understood as a clue (or guide) to how to deal with different paradigms or discourses in IR.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Characteristics of the Foucauldian Approaches: Genealogy, Power/Knowledge, Domination and Resistance
• Ⅲ. Applications of Foucauldian Approaches to International Relations
• Ⅳ. A Normative Critique of the Foucauldian Approaches to International Relations
• Ⅴ. Tragedy or Evil? Complementary Nature of Foucauldian Approaches, Normative Critiques, and Scientific Methods
• Ⅵ. Conclusion
• References

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