朝鮮總督府의 保健醫療豫算行政과 韓國人參與 = Budgeting Administration of Health and Medical Affairs and the Participation of Koreans under the Chosun Government-General
저자
朴仁純 (제주한라대학 행정정보관리과)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2003
작성언어
Korean
KDC
104.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
173-194(22쪽)
제공처
This article is a research on the health and medical budgeting administration and the participation of Koreans through its processing under the rule of the Chosun Government-General in Korea during the period from the annexation of Korea to Japan of 1910 A.D. upto the liberation from Japan of 1945 A.D. Its contents are constituted of budgeting agencies and procedures as well as appropriations structure. and also Koreans participation in the budgeting process. Its approaching methods are principally placed upon the legal methods. The outline of the results of this research could be summarized as the followings :
(1) Budget Offices and Budgeting Phases
The Government budget during the period of Japanese domination of since of 1910 A.D. is operated by the Chosun Government-General. and the competent Ministries and the Finance Ministry of Japan Government. The operation of the government budget of Chosun was conducted by the Chosun Governor General under the control of the competent Ministries as the jurisdictional budget offices and the Finance Ministry as the central budget office of Japan Government. The competent Ministry of the Chosun Government-General was the Finance Ministry until the Colonial Cultivation Ministry was founded in 1929. and then it became the Colonial Caltivation Ministry and hereafter the Home Affairs Ministry which was established in 1942 A.D.
The budgeting cycle in Chosun is initiated at the Chosun Government-General, and the estimates prepared here move to the Finance Ministry as the central budget office through the competent Ministries and to the Cabinet of Japan Government, and from there to the Legislature for authorization. And then. the budget. as modified by the Legislature. after the approval of the Emperor, returned to the Chosun Government-General for execution. The Chosun Government-General's experience in carrying out the budget is then subject to closed examination by the Legislature and audit by the General Audit Office. The budgeting administration of the Chosun Government-General was in charge of the Governor-General who was appointed by the Emperor of Japan.
In accordance with the basic framework of the Chosun Government-General. the Departments. Bureaus and Sections as augxiliary organizations which were reorganized to the Bureaus and Sections in 1919 A.D. were responsible to the Governor and charged with the actual administration. As far as budget concerned a Account Section subjected to the Finance Bureau under the Governor-General was in charge of the detailed budgeting administration including health and medical affairs
On the other hand, in the case of local administration units, such as Provinces, Municipalities and Towns, the Local Expenditures were independently institutionalized from the Special Accounts of the Chosun Government-General. In this Local Expenditures it could be also used for the matters of the health and medical affairs.
According to an examination by the functional classifications. it reveals that amongst the total expenditures of the Special Accounts of Chosun Government-General, the portion of health and medical expenditures were occupied roughly 1.0 to 1.5 % during the 1911 to 1927 FY. and 0.3 to 0.7 % during the 1928 to 1940 FY. Those decreasing of health and medical expenditures after the 1928 FY was caused by the increasing of expenditures for war against Manchuria. China and America. In the case of local expenditures. the ratio of health and medical costs among the total amounts of all sorts of Local Expenditures for the FY 1943 was about 5.1 %.
(2) Exclusion of Korean's participation in the budgetary process of the Chosun Government-General During the period of Japanese domination. Japan had not allowed to Korean peoples to be the members of the legislature either Diet or Senate of Japan. and then Korean peoples could not be participated in the formation of the budget of the Chosun Government-General. Even though there was a Central Council named the Privy Council in the Chosun Government-General. but it was nothing but an advisory body for the Governor-General. and its members were appointed by him from among prominent pro-Japanese Koreans. So. there was no any lagislative body or agency of any kind through which the Korean peoples could express their wills in the processing of budgetary formation in the central administration. Nevertheless. in the local administration. there were some kind of Koeran's participation route in budgetary processing through "Local Expenditures" system and Local Council systems as a pseudo-self local government institutions. The Provincial Governor was advised by a Provincial Council in conjunction with local matters including local expenditures. But in this case two-thirds of its members were elected and one-third appointed by the Governor. Below the Provinces. there were the municipalities. and towns and townships below the Counties. The head of municipalities were appointed by the Province Governor with the approval of the Governor-General and only some of the members of the Municipal Councils were elected. The heads of towns and townships also appointed respectively in the same manners. The part of members of the Town Councils and Townships Councils were elected. However. the franchise was strictly limited. Only male residents of at least twenty five years old. paying at least five yen in property taxes. were allowed to vote in the elections. Besides. the each Councils were only advisory capacities in practice. Accordingly this was a faraway from anything like real self-local administration in democratic manners. Therefore. there was no any full participation measures in the operation of the health and medical expenditures in local administration.
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