자기고양과 배우자고양이 행복감과 부부관계의 질에 미치는 효과 = Self - and Spouse - Enhancement, Subjective Happiness, and Martial Quality in Married Couples

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the self-enhancement and spouse-enhancement of 257 married couples on the two dimensions of competence and warmth. The couples were asked to evaluate themselves, spouses, husbands in general, and wives in general. Based on their responses, the magnitude of self-enhancement and spouse-enhancement was computed in order to determine which of the two enhancement factors plays a more significant role in the subjective happiness and marital quality, and how the two enhancements are related to individuals' cultural disposition. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the couples enhanced their spouse rather than themselves, in particular, on the measure of warmth. Specifically, the couples were shown to demonstrate more of self-enhancement and spouse-enhancement on warmth than on competence. Second, the happiness of the husband was affected by spouse-enhancement, not by self-enhancement, increasing the relational satisfaction as well. However, the happiness of the wives was influenced by self-enhancement and spouse-enhancement with the relational satisfaction being improved by spouse-enhancement. Third, the couple's individualistic propensity exerted an influence on their happiness mediated by self-enhancement and their collectivistic disposition impacted the marital quality mediated by spouse-enhancement.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 257쌍의 부부들을 대상으로 유능성과 따뜻함의 두 차원에서 자기고양과 배우자고양을 살펴보았다. 부부들은 4가지 대상(자신, 배우자, 평균적인 남편들, 평균적인 부인들)을 평가하였고, 이를 근거로 자기고양과 배우자고양 크기를 산출하였다. 그런 다음 두 고양 중 어느 것이 주관적 행복감과 부부관계의 질에 더 중요한 역할을 하는지 알아보았다. 또한 부부들의 두 고양이 문화성향과 어떤 관련이 있는지를 살펴보았다. 주요결과는 첫째 부부들은 자기고양보다 배우자고양을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로는 유능성 차원에 비해 따뜻함 차원에서 부부들은 자기고양과 배우자 고양을 많이 하고 있었다. 둘째, 남편은 자기고양보다는 배우자고양이 클수록 행복감이 높았으며, 관계만족도도 높았다. 반면 부인은 자기고양과 배우자 고양이 클수록 행복감이 높았고, 배우자고양이 클수록 관계만족도가 높았다. 셋째 논란의 여지는 있지만 대체로 개인주의 성향은 자기고양을 매개로 행복감에 영향을 주고 있었으며, 집합주의 성향은 배우자고양을 매개로 부부관계의 질에 영향을 주고 있었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 고재홍, "집합주의-개인주의 성향에 따른 분배규범의 선호차이" 15 (15): 1-16, 2001
• 2 조긍호, "지적 평가정보와 사회적 평가정보가 호오차원 인상과 화친차원 인상에 미치는 영향의 차이" 1 : 78-100, 1982
• 3 백수경, "자기고양편향이 행복감과 인기도에 미치는 효과" 한국사회및성격심리학회 21 (21): 89-104, 2007
• 4 백혜영, "애정관계에서 낙관성이 관계만족에 미치는 영향：긍정적 평가의 매개효과" 한국사회및성격심리학회 22 (22): 1-14, 2008
• 5 김향련, "부부간 상호지각의 일치도와 결혼만족간의 관계" 한국사회및성격심리학회 21 (21): 89-105, 2007
• 6 김정식, "문화점화가 자기평가에 미치는 영향" 한국사회및성격심리학회 22 (22): 177-194, 2008
• 7 고재홍, "두 자기평가 편향과 자존감간의 관계" 한국사회및성격심리학회 17 (17): 1-16, 2003
• 8 김혜숙, "다수 집단과 소수 집단에 대한 고정관념의 내용: 유능성과 따뜻함의 차원에서의 분석" 한국사회및성격심리학회 17 (17): 121-143, 2003
• 9 김혜숙, "귀인상황의 공개성과 (집단)자아존중이자기고양 귀인과 집단고양 귀인에 미치는 영향" 9 (9): 45-63, 1995
• 10 최진희, "관계고양지각이 관계만족도에 미치는 영향：부부관계와 부모-자녀관계에서" 한국사회및성격심리학회 16 (16): 53-74, 2002
• 11 조긍호, "겸양 편향자의 선호 현상" 12 (12): 169-189, 1998
• 12 김희진, "결혼초기 부부관계향상 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구*- 긍정주의 심리치료 접근 중심으로 -" 한국상담심리학회 17 (17): 877-906, 2005
• 13 Lyubomirsky.S, "Why are some peoplehappier than others? The role of cognitive andmotivational processes in well-being" 54 : 239-249, 2001
• 14 Myers, D. G., "Who is happy?" 6 : 10-19, 1995
• 15 Hall, J., "When love is blind" 29 : 751-761, 1976
• 16 Stucke, T. S., "When agrandiose self-image is threatened: Narcissismand self-concept clarity as predictors of negativeemotions and aggression toward ego threat" 70 : 509-532, 2002
• 17 Gottman, J. M., "The timing of divorce: Predicting when a couple overa 14-year period" 62 : 737-745, 2000
• 18 Headey, B., "The sense of relative superiority-central to well-being" 20 : 497-516, 1987
• 19 Greenwald, A. G., "The self, In Handbook of social cognition" Erlbaum 129-178, 1984
• 20 Diener, E., "The satisfaction with life scale" 49 : 71-75, 1985
• 21 Acitelli, L. K., "The role of the identity in the link between relationship thinking and relationship satisfaction" 16 : 591-619, 1999
• 22 Karney, B. R., "The longitudinal course of marital quality andstability: A review of theory, method, and research" 118 : 3-34, 1995
• 23 Heine, S. J., "The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examinationof group-serving biases" 72 : 1268-1283, 1997
• 24 Rosenblatt,R, "The 11th commandment" 25 : 30-32, 1993
• 25 Helgeson, V. S., "Social comparisons and adjustment among cardiacparents" 23 : 1171-1195, 1993
• 26 Miller, D. T., "Self-serving biasesin attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?" 82 : 231-225, 1975
• 27 Kuiper, N. A., "Self-schema processing ofdepressed and nondepressed content: The effectsof vulnerability on depression" 3 : 77-93, 1985
• 28 Kobayashi, C., "Self-esteemand self-enhancement in Japan and America" 34 : 567-580, 2003
• 29 Takata,T, "Self-enhancement and selfcriticismin Japanese culture: An experimentalanalysis" 34 : 542-551, 2003
• 30 Seligman, M., "Positivepsychology" 55 : 5-14, 2000
• 31 Robin, R. W., "Positive illusionabout the self: Short-term benefits andlong-term costs" 80 : 340-352, 2001
• 32 Srivastava, S., "Optimism inclose relationships: How seeing thing in apositive light make them so" 91 : 143-153, 2006
• 33 Wojciszke, B., "On the dominance of moral categories inimpression formation" 24 : 1251-1263, 1998
• 34 Cross,P, "Not can but will college teachersbe improved?" 17 : 1-15, 1977
• 35 Abby, A., "Modeling thepsychological determinants of life quality" 16 : 1-34, 1985
• 36 Kenny,D.A, "Interpersonal perception" Guilford 1994
• 37 Taylor, S. E., "Illusion andwell-being: A social psychological perspective onmental health" 103 : 193-210, 1988
• 38 Alicke,M.D, "Global self-evaluation asdetermined by the desirability and controllabilityof trait adjectives" 49 : 1621-1630, 1985
• 39 Kernis,M.H, "Following the trail fromnarcissism to fragile self-esteem" 12 : 223-225, 2001
• 40 Bogart, L. M., "Feeling superior but not threatened: The relation of narcissism to social comparison" 26 : 35-44, 2004
• 41 Brown,J.D, "Evaluations of self and others:Self-enhancement biases in social judgments" 4 : 353-376, 1986
• 42 Crohan, S., "Dimensions of maritalwell-being in black and white newlyweds" 51 : 379-383, 1989
• 43 Funder, D. C., "Differences between traits: Properties associated withinterjudge agreement" 52 : 409-418, 1987
• 44 Hofstede,G, "Culture's consequences:International differences in work-related values" Sage 1980
• 45 Markus, H. R., "Culture andthe self: Implication for cognition, emotion, andmotivation" 98 : 224-253, 1991
• 46 Heine,S.J, "Cultural psychology" Norton 2008
• 47 Triandis,H.C, "Cross-cultural studies ofindividualism and collectivism, In Nebraska symposium on motivation" University of Nebraska 41-133, 1990
• 48 Triandis, H. C., "Convergingmeasurement and horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism" 74 : 118-128, 1998
• 49 Sternberg, R. J., "Competenceconsidered" Yale University Press 1990
• 50 Hong, Y., "Boundaries of cultural influence:Construct activation as a mechanism for culturaldifferences in social perception" 34 : 453-464, 2003
• 51 Boyd-Wilson, "Arewellbeing and illusory perceptions linked? The answer may be yes, but" 56 : 1-9, 2004
• 52 Fiske, S. T., "Amodel of(often mixed) stereotype content:Competence and warmth respectively follow fromperceived status and competition" 82 : 878-902, 2002
• 53 John, O. P., "Accuracy andbias in self-perception: Individual differences inself-enhancement and the role of narcissism" 66 : 206-219, 1994
• 54 Erdelyi,M.H, "A new look at the new look:Perceptual defence and vigilance" 81 : 1-25, 1974
• 55 Rosenberg, S., "A multidimensional approach to thestructure of personality impression" 9 : 282-294, 1968
• 56 Lyubomirsky. S., "A measureof subjective happiness: Preliminary reliabilityand construct validation" 46 : 137-155, 1999
• 57 Hong, Y., "A dynamicconstructionist approach to culture: Lessonslearned from personality psychology" 38 : 59-67, 2004