KCI등재
한국(韓國) 인구전환(人口轉換)의 구조적(構造的) 특성(特性) = A Study on Structural Responses of Korea Population Transition
저자
공세권 ( Sae-kwon Kong ) ; 조애저 ( Ae-jeo Cho ) ; 김은주 ( Eun-joo Kim )
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1988
작성언어
Korean
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
3-56(54쪽)
제공처
Overall of population data shows that Korean population has experienced the drastic transition in this century.
Korean population was very stagnant under the Japanese colony, but began to be active in expansion due to the gradual decrease of mortality rate from 1910 to 1945. After the liberalization from Japanese colony in 1945, the political turmoil at that time divided the population to be a half between the southern and northern part of Korea. However, returnees from abroad added up the population. During the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, Korean population was disturbed by the high death tolls among the warfare and internal exchange of population between South and North Korea.
Korean population showed the rapid population increase owing to the high birth rate, and to the decrease of death rate with inception of developed health and medical techniques.
So-called baby boon Period continued from 1955 to 1965, thus revealing the annual inc-reasing rate 3 percent. Fertility control policy designed to meet the baby boom in the pre and post 1960`s. focused on the decline of fertility rate considering the decreased mortality rate.
The main body of fertility control policy was named to be family planning programme, this aimed at the change of children numbers and the prevention of unwanted pregnancy through the contraceptive use.
Family planning programme, systematically practiced over the country, made an impact on the high contraception rate and decrease of fertility rate. Total fertility rate per married woman was 6.0 in 1960, but decrease to 4.3 in 1970, to 2.8 in 1980, to the substitution level 2.1 in 1985. The accelarated fertility decrease lowered to 1.7 in 1988.
With this trend, Government is expecting the population increasing rate 0.85 percent in 2000 (with the total population 47 millions), and predicting the stationary population total in 2020 (with the total population 52 millions).
Government expectation will be available only with the prerequisite of the continous total fertility rate 1.7 through the family planning programme. That is, Korean population transition win be pre-modernized just after the quartile of century, and will go into the full modernination period again after the quartile of century.
Drastic population transition changes the quantity control policy of population to the broad policy orientation such as changes of structure and adequate distribution of population.
As population transition brought about not the population growth itself but the socio-eco- nomic impact, population control policy has to recognize the relationship between the two.
Particularly urban population showed the rapid increase compared with the total population increase due to the socio-political change and ndustrialization. Urban population comprised one-fifth of the total population in 1960, two-thirds of the present population, and will comprise four-fifths in 2000`s, requesting the deep recognition of urban problems and rural problems relatively.
Urbanization explains the population concentration on the great cities and particularly on the metropolitan area, and needs the dynamic urban development planning considering the urban function and living system.
The specific features of population transition in the modernization process are mainly the problems of education, employment, marriage, housing and family, and ultimately the social phthology such as aging problem. Thus population policy should consider the socio-economic structure, health and medical system and social value system.
Recommendations
1 First step to meet the problems from population transition is how to develop the present family planning programme in effective way. As stagnant population is available through the continous family planning programme accomplishment, fertility control policy is necessary for the continuation of the stationary population.
While family planning programme has emphasized on the contraceptive distribution just aiming at the population quantity control. it revealed the side effects of contraception and the popular induced abortions. Andmore small children norm brought about child bearing and educational problems in addition to generation conflict within family and family dissolution. In this aspect the very concept of ``family planning`` should be transferred to the family life planning passing over the just specific child bearing control.
Family life planning should make all the preparations and plannings for the family formative period with marriage, the family growing period with education of children and couple life, and the family reductive period with the single aged family.
Therefore the simple purpose of family planning is transferring to the family health and family welfare from the contraceptive distribution service.
Family planning programme should systematize the contraceptive distribution service in the quality control aspect so as to accomplish the aimed purpose above, and retrain the grass root level workers.
Additionally a device should be drawn up to derive the induced abortions into the effective contraception and to contribute sex education to the adolescents and premarital target women as a social problem solving method.
2. Secondly family health programme should be developed according to the chronical di- sease contral and the health improvement based on the family unit. Thus family health prog- ramme can include the improvement of diet, management of nutrition, home environment and sanitation, geriatric diseases and the aged health, and multiple purposed and systematic health services.
3. Thirdly planning and service related to family welfare are much more necessary than ever, with the prevailing family nuclearization and children education of the employed parents. Family welfare planning can include service development broadly covering the children bearing and education, role share between couples, support for the aged.
4. Lastly, overall population control policy and coordination organization should be estab-lished on a country level, as the drastic population transition requests the combined approach to population policy and the national development policy.
So as to dilute the urban population concentration, not the mioptic regional development but the integral development policy should be prepared focusing on the country utilization and improvement of living condition. Here urgent is integral research for the development policy.
The aging trend is inevitable in the modernization process and showing the relationship between population change and socio-economic and welfare needs. The spill over effect from baby boom period in 1960`s is now requesting the solution of employment and housing prob-lems, manpower development and utilization.
Herewith is necessary the diversified strategy for the aged society in 2000`s. And-soft policy should be prepared for the family life and career women considering the increasing empl-oyment of women.
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