KCI등재
해방 이후 충남 서산 지역의 지방사 : 역사적 담론에 대한 인류학적 접근 Ethnographic Representations of Historical Discourse, 1945-1995 = A Local History of Sosan Area, Korea
This research is to mainly reconstruct a local history of the Sosan area during the post-liberation era. The local history conveys distinct features of social and cultural changes. This study emphasizes the following ; firstly, villagers' own experiences are to be highly respected. Secondly, each village is a basic unit for study and yet is analyzed in relation to other higher order of the society as the state. Thirdly, an individual's life is crucial for a better understanding of the local history.
The villagers had communicated with the outside world in a restricted way through marketing and maintaining marriage ties until the early 1960's. Thereafter, the sphere of village life has increasingly expanded : due to the development of mass transportation and spread of public education. Networks for marketing have been widened, and migration of family members have formed a currency. Accordingly communications of the villagers with larger cities has become more important compared to the one with neighboring villages. The villagers currently enjoy easier access to larger cities like Inch' on and Seoul and stronger social ties with those cities.
Expansion of the sphere of village life has transformed the nature of political, economic, social and cultural nexuses in the village. What deserves most notice is that such nexuses have changed. Before the implementation of the land-to-tiller program in the 1950's, landlords had ruled over tenant-peasants. The land-to-tiller program enabled the former tenants to be petty landowners. In this process, villagers experienced clash of contradictory ideological pursuits. Some villagers preserved the traditional moral code and others tried to follow a new ideological trend of the day. Whichever the way villagers took in the process of land reform, they struggled with themselves in the choice of economic advantages and moral justification for their behavior and thought.
As the influence of the central government and capitalists increased, the tone of local dignitaries were softened. The government implemented agricultural development programs to enhance living standards of villagers. Capitalists endorsed the government's developing policy. To this end, the corporations participated in various projects regarding economic development including land reclamation. The Hyundai Corporation played a key role in the Sosan Land Reclamation. While some villagers benefitted from this project, others, particularly the former fishermen in Pusok-myon, were faced with negative effects of the same project. The fishermen were deprived of their means of livelihood. They launched s series of movements for the compensation of for their loss. The development of such movements witnessed the emergence of new leadership. New leaders were armed with their own ability and achievement, and they were instrumental in success of the movements supported by the mass.
The villagers also started movements against both the state and the corporation in a cultural way. They invented new rituals to cope with social change caused by the land reclamation, and restored some traditional rituals in a new form and spirit. However, invention or restoration of the rituals was not necessarily a product of unanimity in decisions and actions among the populace. The government and some prominent figures of the village also took part in such rituals with their own interest.
Life histories reveals how social changes have affected individuals and a families. and at the same time, how individuals have interpreted such changes. Subjects in life histories were largely concerned with economic survival rather than social change unless those changes caused them troubles. life histories exhibit not only individuals' experience but also social and cultural characteristics of the Sosan area. In an area like Sosan, while has been dominated by the non-yangban or the weaker residents to seek for humble yet profitable jobs rather than to rely on yangban (a traditional class of nobility since the Choson dynasty) ideologies. Family members, who are in charge of their families' livelihood took pride in themselves.
And their sacrificial attitudes toward parents and siblings were highly praised by their neighbors. However, in recent years some of them began to give in such pride and regret the fact that they had neglected schooling of their children. It reflects values and world-views newly forming within their minds. Life histories collected in this area can be valued as texts and contexts that helps us to grasp the depth of the local history.
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