해외 한국민주화운동－‘민주민족통일해외한국인연합’을 중심으로－ = Movement for Democratization of Koreans Abroad－Focusing on Overseas Korean Union for Democratic National Reunification－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本稿は、70~80年代の海外における韓国民主化運動を展開した海外‘韓国人’と民団系在日朝鮮人の‘連帯’、連合組織である‘民主民族統一海外韓国人連合’(韓民連)の結成経緯と活動に関する考察である。 　海外における韓国民主化運動に関する研究は、2000年代に入ってからかなり進められてきたが、海外‘韓国人’と民団系在日朝鮮人の‘連帯’、そして韓民連に注目した研究はほとんどない。その理由として挙げられるのは、民団系在日朝鮮人とその団体である‘韓国民主回復統一促進国民会議日本本部’(韓民統)に対する‘親北疑惑’である。 　韓民統を結成した民団系在日朝鮮人は、民団民主化運動を展開する過程で‘不純分子’というレッテルを張られ、結局は民団から排除された。その後、民団系在日朝鮮人は73年に金大中と‘連帯’して韓民統を結成し、韓国民主化運動を展開した。しかし、韓民統は‘反国家団体’で規定され、民団系在日朝鮮人と韓民統に対する‘親北疑惑’は一層強まった。 　70年代後半、海外‘韓国人’は‘連帯’の必要性を認識し連合組織を結成するために動き、77年に海外‘韓国人’と民団系在日朝鮮人が‘連帯’し韓民連を結成した。 　しかし、韓民連は結成当初から組織内部に‘反共’主義と反米主義、統一に対する立場の違いがあった。そして、民団系在日朝鮮人と韓民統に対する‘親北’という疑いと警戒も存在した。このような民団系在日朝鮮人と韓民統に対する疑いと警戒は、海外‘韓国人’にも共通するものであり、その疑いと警戒を強めたのが秘密裏に活動したキリスト教ネットワークの韓国キリスト者民主同志会(民主同志会)である。民主同志会は、‘反共’の立場で民団系在日朝鮮人と韓民統に対する警戒を緩まなかった。 　韓民連と海外‘韓国人’、そして民主同志会に存在した民団系在日朝鮮人·韓民統に対する疑いと警戒には、‘反共’主義が影響を及ぼしており、結局‘連帯’は分裂した。‘反共’主義は、海外‘韓国人’が制度圏を超えて韓国民主化運動を多様な形で展開できる可能性を抑止した。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to focus on the background and activities of Overseas Korean Union for Democratic National Reunification (hereafter ‘Hanminryon’) and ‘the solidarity’ between overseas ‘Koreans’ and zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups, who led the movement for democratization of Koreans overseas in the 1970s and 1980s.
Studies on the movement for democratization of Koreans abroad were conducted by many scholars since the 2000s, but there has rarely been a study on Hanminryon and ‘the solidarity’ between overseas ‘Koreans’ and zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups. This is because zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups and their organization, Korean Congress for Democracy and Unification (hereafter ‘Hanmintong’), were suspected to be pro-North Korea.
Zainichi Koreans, who later formed Hanmintong, were stigmatized as agitators while leading democratization movement in Mindan, and finally were expelled from Mindan. Then the zainichi Koreans from Mindan-affiliated groups acted in ‘solidarity’ with Kim Dae Jung to organize Hanmintong to promote democratization movement for Koreans. However, as Hanmintong was then listed as one of ‘anti-state organizations’, strong suspicions arose toward Hanmintong and zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups that they were pro-North.
Abroad ‘Koreans’ first started to create a united organization in the late 1970s, recognizing the need for ‘solidarity’. In 1977, overseas ‘Koreans’ and zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups acted in ‘solidarity’ to found Hanminryon.
However, from the initial stage of creation, Hanminryon had an internal problem of having different opinions inside the organization about anti-communism, anti-Americanism, and reunification of the two Koreas. There were also suspicions that zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups and Hanmintong were pro-North. Such suspicions and wary eyes were casted on all ‘Koreans’ abroad, and the atmosphere was further strengthened by International Christian Network for Democracy in Korea, a Christian organization which acted in secrecy. International Christian Network for Democracy in Korea was against communism, and kept a wary eye on zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups and Hanmintong.
‘Anti-communism’ influenced the suspicions and wary eyes casted on Hanmintong and zainichi Koreans in Mindan-affiliated groups by Hanminryon, overseas Koreans, and International Christian Network for Democracy in Korea. This finally broke ‘solidarity’. ‘Anti-communism’ limited the opportunity of overseas Koreans to carry out democratization movement for Koreans in more various ways beyond utilizing the existing institutions.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 민주민족통일해외한국인연합, "한민련운동 10년의 발자취"
• 2 김흥수, "한국민주화기독자동지회의 결성과 활동" 한국기독교역사학회 (27) : 199-224, 2007
• 3 "한겨레, 2010년 1월 27일자"
• 4 박상증, "제네바에서 서울까지" 새누리신문사 1995
• 5 임창영학습회, "임창영박사유고선집Ⅰ" 1996
• 6 "오재식 인터뷰(2012년 7월 23일)"
• 7 "연합뉴스 2013년 5월 22일자"
• 8 "심포지엄자료집 ｢심포지엄 – 해외동포와 한국민주화운동｣"
• 9 "신한민보"
• 10 이종오, "사회운동과 통일운동" 실천문학사 (12) : 1988
• 11 한신대학술원 신학연구소, "북미주 인권·민주화·평화통일운동 자료집 제3권" 한신대학신학연구소 2004
• 12 서정균 글모음, "변혁과 통일－한 해외한민이 그리는 조국상" 정서출판사 1989
• 13 윤석인, "민중적통일론의 전개와 정립방향" 실천문학사 (12) : 1988
• 14 선우학원, "미주동포 민족운동 100년사" 일월서각 2009
• 15 "동아일보"
• 16 오재식, "나에게 꽃으로 다가오는 현장" 대한기독교서회 2012
• 17 박상증, "기독교사상 좌담－한국기독자민주동지회의 30년 비화를 말하다" (540) : 2004
• 18 김하영, "구술로 본 해외 한인 통일운동사의 재인식－미국지역" 선인 2010
• 19 김면, "구술로 본 해외 한인 통일운동사의 재인식－독일지역" 선인 2010
• 20 "경향신문"
• 21 이영빈, "경계선" 신앙과 지성사 1996
• 22 "韓国新聞"
• 23 "漢陽"
• 24 민주민족통일해외한국인연합 국제사무국, "海外韓国人民主運動代表者会議資料"
• 25 韓国民主回復統一促進国民会議, "民族時報縮刷版" 民族時報社 1983
• 26 趙基銀, "在日朝鮮人と1970年代の韓国民主化運動" (12) : 2006
• 27 "先駆"