논 投入 볏짚과 헤어리베치의 分解 및 窒素 放出이 벼 生育에 미치는 影響 = Decomposition and nitrogen release of rice straw and hairy vetch and their effects on rice growth in paddy field
저자
이호진 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부 교수)
발행기관
서울대학교 농업개발연구소(Institute of agricultural sciences and development Seoul national university)
학술지명
농업생명과학연구(Annual Report of Research in Agriculture and Life Sciences )
권호사항
발행연도
2000
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
520.5
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
16-19(4쪽)
제공처
The decomposition of crop residue is necessary for the nutrient recycling in farm soil. Rice straw is considered as a main soil organic supplier, since it is easily and economically incorporated into the soils compared to other organic manures in paddy field. Hairy vetch as a green manure is superior to other winter legumes in terms of wintering ability and N accumulation. For the effective use of rice straw and hairy vetch, we investigated the decomposition and N release of the rice straw and hairy vetch and their effect on rice growth in paddy field. The decomposition of rice straw and hairy vetch placed by soid depth of 0, 10 and 20cm at transplanting date was investigated by mesh bag method which was enclosed chopped residue in mesh bags. At the same time, the decomposition coefficient(k) of rice straw was determined in laboratory incubation by using mesh bag as affected by temperature, water and nitrogen condition. Recoveries of rice straw-15N and hairy vetche-15N by rice plants were measured by 15N-tracer method to investigate the fate of nitrogen released by rice straw and hairy vetch decomposition under different nitrogen fertilizer application levels in paddy soil. Furthermore, recovery of urea-15N by rice plant was measured by 15N-tracer method to investigate the utilization of fertilized urea as affected by rice straw and hairy vetch incorporation. The overall decomposition patterns of rice straw and hairy vetch were similar for the three incorporation depths in transplanted paddy field. The straw incorporated at transplanting date showed an initial weight loss of about 50%, 70% and 90% after 2 months, 5 months and 2 years, respectively, soil incorporation. Hairy vetch decomposed more rapidly than rice straw and showed an initial weight loss of 72-81% as affected by depth after the first month soil incorporation. After 5 months, the vetch had lost 86-90% of its weight as affected by incorporation depth. The decrease of lignin of decomposing rice straw was slower than that of cellulose and silica. C/N ratio of the decomposing straw did not change significantly throughout rice growth stages, but that of decomposing vetch sharply increased during the early stages and after then, slowly decreased. N amounts released from the straw and the vetch during 5 months were about 67% and 94% of initial N, while more than 60% and 90% of those was released during first month after soil incorporation, respectively. P release rate from the straw and the vetch was faster than N release rate. Hairy vetch was more rapidly decomposed and released more nitrogen as compared with rice straw. The decomposition coefficient of rice straw in laboratory incubation showed about threefold variation to the different conditions. The rate of straw decomposition increased as the temperature increase, in both treatments of surface spreading and soil incorporation. Meanwhile, the decomposition rate of buried straw in both saturated and flooded conditions decreased as compared with that of 30% soil moisture. Nitrogen applications increased decomposition rate of straw, but there was no difference between 5 and 10 kgN/10a levels. Recoveries of rice straw-15N by rice plants were 10.2, 13.4 and 14.9% in 0, 6 and 12 kgN/10a application, respectively, and recoveries of hairy vetch-15N by rice plant were 30.6, 34.6 and 35.7% in 0, 6 and 12 kgN/10a application, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization increased the recovery of rice straw-15N and hairy vetch-15N. The incorporation of rice straw and hairy vetch decreased the loss of urea-15N in paddy soil. This result was mainly due to increased soil residual effect and plant uptake of urea-15N in rice straw and hairy vetch incorporation, respectively. Also loss of nitrogen by nitrate leaching from paddy soil for about 10 days after transplanting was decreased by rice straw and hairy vetch incorporation. The yields of the transplanted paddy rice cultured using soil incorporation of rice cultivated applying urea fertilizer. The yield in the plot with rice straw was 12% lower than that in plot with urea fertilizer, but the yield in the plot with hairy vetch was not significantly different from that in the plot with urea fertilizer. In farmer's field trial, we investigated the effects of long term application of rice straw on rice yield for four years. The rate of application of fresh rice straw was 5-6kg straw-N/10a in combination of 6kgN/10a of chemical N fertilizer. The yield in the plot with successive rice straw application increased gradually year by year, which showed the possibility of reducing the application rate of chemical N fertilizer.
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