한국전쟁기 오무라수용소(大村收容所)의 재일조선인 강제추방에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Forced Expatriate of Korean Residents in Japan in the Omura Immigration Center

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. Introduction
Korean Residents in Japan returned to Korea after the liberation in 1945. But some Residents had to stay in Japan. In addition, among those who returned, went back to Japan.
GHQ and the Japanese Government treated the reentering Korean Residents as stowaways or criminals, and committed them first to the Omura Immigration Center (the O.I.C), then deported them from Japan.
In this paper we will discuss several issues. First, we will see the establishing process of the stowaways center set up by GHQ and Japanese Government. We will review the laws and policies adopted and executed by Japanese Government until Korean War in order to deport Korean Residents. Especially, we will briefly look into the debate in the Japanese Diet between the government and lawmakers regarding deportation of Korean Residents.
Second, we will show the secret passages of Korean Residents to Japan, as well as their deportation.
Third, we will overview the cases regarding expropriation and deportation of Korean Residents at O.I.C. Strifes by Korean Residents against deportation of stowaways will be also discussed.
2. Stowaways center policies of Japanese Government and forced deportation immediately after the liberation
Japan exacted the aliens registration from Korean Residents since February 1946. Koreans who refused registration were committed to the stowaways center and deported from Japan.
Following the enforcement of Aliens Registration Decree, Japan promulgated Immigration Control Decree in August 1949, and set up the Exit and Entry Control Office in October 1950. They formed the legal basis to deport Korean Residents who reentered or stayed in Japan.
Japanese Diet also announced that it would consider the reentering of Korean Residents as secret passage, and that they should be deported to Korea.
Korean Government was not very active in dealing with this issue. While Japanese Government sentenced the reentering Korean Residents to as much as one year of imprisonment, Korean Government treated the reentering as a minor offense. Not until the breakout of Korean War did Korean Government amended relevant laws to punish secret passage or reentering with as much as one year jail time.
3. Policies regarding Omura Immigration Center and strifes against deportation during the Korean War
Japanese Government established a center for illegal entrants in the Bureau of Repatriation Support in Sasebo, which was the beginning of a center accommodating Koreans. In December 1946, GHQ ordered that Koreans arrested in Japan should be sent to this center, and deported Koreans by ships departing regularly from Sasebo. GHQ also made it possible for local allied forces to request U.S. Armed Forces in guarding and repatriating the accommodated Koreans.
In January 1950, Japanese Cabinet Council announced ‘Hario Center and the Immigration Control Decree’, and decided to close the Bureau of Repatriation Support in Sasebo and establish the Hario Center.
‘Hario Center for Illegal Entrants under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ was established at Hario Marine Corps in October 1950, and in December was renamed ‘Omura Immigration Center’ and moved to Omura Navy hangar main building. In November 1952, Japanese Government made a plan to double the capacity of the Center.
Prisoners were classified into several groups on account of either the reason of deportation or the time they reentered Japan. Lepers were accommodated separately. Prisoners were detained from six months to as much as four years at the Center. They had to endure various treatments infringing human rights―murder, violence, threat, conciliation, etc.―by Japanese Police.
4. Conclusion
From the facts outlined above, we have confirmed three important points: First, GHQ and Japanese Government repressed Korean Residents in Japan by the Aliens Registration Act and deportation policy. Especially, Japanese Government and Die

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 해방 직후 조선인 밀항자 수용소 정책과 강제추방
• 3. 한국전쟁기 오무라수용소(大村收容所) 정책과 강제추방 반대투쟁
• 4. 맺음말
• Abstract