『高麗史』와 『高麗史節要』 卒記를 통해 본 고려시대 정치 지형 = Political Topography in the Koryŏ Period based on the Cholgi(卒記) of 『Koryŏsa(高麗史)』 and 『Koryŏsajŏryo(高麗史節要)』

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines the political topography of the Koryŏ dynasty by analyzing the Cholgi(卒記) of 『Koryŏsa(高麗史)』 and 『Koryŏsajŏryo(高麗史節要)』. Cholgi contains personal information as well as the government’s official review of high rank bureaucrats. In addition, major political issues related to each person were also recorded in it, making the Cholgi one of the most significant source for historians.
Uppermost bureaucrats were the main recording target of the Cholgi, as the third rank officials and above account for 97.9% of the whole content. In terms of the office-post system, 87% of the figures were in Chaech'u(宰樞) position or were retired from it, and the second rank dignitaries such as Pokya(僕射) and Samsasa(三司使) were also included.
The Cholgi of 『Koryŏsa』 is dominated by simple death records like “When, a certain official died.” The reason behind the short records is assumed to be the Biographies(列傳) in 『Koryŏsa』, where detailed record of each figures are narrated. On the other hand, the Cholgi of 『Koryŏsajŏryo』 was contained various information like the Biographies and added or deleted according to the importance of that of 『Koryŏsa』. However, Cholgi in 『Koryŏsajŏryo』 was not a new creation out of nothing but an excerpt from the Biography of 『Koryŏsa』. Cholgi of 『Koryŏsajŏryo』 contains more details of the trajectory of each figures, but those details were brought from various sources within 『Koryŏsa』.
As for the Civil Examination degree, figures who passed the exam account for 47% in the list of Cholgi of 『Koryŏsa』 and 『Koryŏsajŏryo』 and those without degree were 53%; and either of the two cannot be considered dominant.
Meanwhile, figures who advanced to the bureaucratic family for the first time account for 44%. In particular, in the early Koryŏ period, 57.6% of the people were newly included in the Cholgi, which tells that social mobility in terms of bureaucracy for the new families were higher than other period. In the late Koryŏ period, the number of new family origins reduced to 37.8%. Considering that such statistics are only based on the name of Pon’gwan(本貫), there might be more new families from the branches of the existing Pon’gwan in the eariler Cholgi. In sum, it can be seen that nearly 40% of the bureaucrats from new family clans were able to advance to the highest bureaucratic position like Chaech'u.
In addition, from the information of each person’s trajectory of bureaucratic advancement in Cholgi, we can observe various ways to bureaucratic advancement. Many people who wished for the bureaucratic position aimed to pass the Civil Examination, but it did not guarantee the shortcut to the high-ranking position, and it can be seen that they had to prove their administrative ability as officials or practically contribute to the government such as military exploits.

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