口碑說話文學의 考察 : 說話 속의 女性을 中心으로 A Study of Woman Characters = A Study of Korean Oral Literature
저자
金咸得 (檀國大學校 文理科大學 韓國文學(古典))
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1981
작성언어
Korean
KDC
800.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
45-98(54쪽)
제공처
소장기관
What has been discussed in the above may be summarized as follows:
Korean oral literature with its simplicity and universality has served as a common square for the public to give an oral expression to what they wish to assert. Thus it has developed from popular literature to national literature, and remains as the origin of Korean loterature and its history. Here lir the significance and the important mission of the literture. Although vigorus research in this field has been done worldiely, the classification and examination of the materials collected directly from the fields seem to be still unsatisfactory.
This study is an attempt to classify and analyze the materials from Kyungju-Wolsung areas of South Kyungsan province (7-1, 7-2, 7-3) which are recorded in "The Tradition of Korean Oral Literature", the live materials of which Korean Cultural Studies has collected through a series of field surveys from 1960's. The methods of classification employed in this study is mainly that of Stith Thompson, Duksoon Chang and Heewung Cho with emohasis on its practicality which Aarne A., an authority in folkore, strongly advocates. Thus in this study 553 stories are classified into 3 major categories, and then according to the types of their motifs, into 22 subcategories. Since on women characters is the main interest of this study, oral performers Sunjae Lee and Soosun Huh, and 332 stories with women characters are examined and analyzed to the follwing results:
First, both performers have been found that, by forming a perfect whole with their audience through empathy, successfully carried out the transmission of oral literature.
Second, examining oral literature in terms of motifs we find many women among the characters of the stories. A colorful diversity in Korean women's image is given concrete expressions in many asprcts such as filial devotion, chastity, marriage, human offering and birth.
1) In the stories of filial devotion, agents are usually daughters or daughters-in-law, and they willingly sacrifice themselves and even their own children as well for the good of their parents. Cases of being unfilial are extremely few, theough antinomic cases of being filial and unfilial are occasionally found. Women are most devotional and self-sacrificing in the stories of chastity. An animal often takes a form if a woman and speaks for her. Those stories repersent the true admirable image of ancient Korean women. Here also antinomic cases are found as in those of filial devotion; however, being unchaste is a transitional state for the woman concerned to be chaste.
2) Among the stories of marrisd women, we find monsters and animals which take a human figure only when unseen by others to help housework or to have an intimate relation with its human husband. Other cases are:human wife to animal husband, or vice versa, wife or husband from another world, women who saved the life of their dying husband or lover, a heroic husband who got married by killing the monster. Not a few marriages of convenience have been seen which were quite common in ancient times.
3) Women were offered as a sacrifice to supernatural beings such as a weird, a devel or a giant snake. A grateful animal repaid the kindness shown to it by a woman who was to be offered as a sacrifice by saving her life from the monster. Some husband, wise and coutageous, braving a danger, killed the monster to save his wife. Sometimes the women of sacrifice themselvs killed the monster clverly and bravely. In all of those stories without exception heroes or heroines killed the monster to disclose its real form and lived a happy life.
4) Women and birth are in inseparable realtion. In the stories of abnormal birth, there are: birth between a human and an animal, a faery from another world, moonbeam, sunbeam or a spirit of the dead. Man of such abnormal birth usually grew up a strong great man and became a founder of a nation.
5) Majority of the oral narratives, 120 out of 553, presented in this study are jests. The most outstanding among them, are the stories about Mansuh Chung of the late Lee Dynasty, who appears repeatedly as hero in most of the jests. They are amusing, idiotic and even obscene stories about the way he sported with barmaids and other women to cintrive his deinking money. Next in number to the jest is the fool's story about bridegroom and bride, husband and wife, the illiterate, lazybones, stupid inlaws, deafs, fool's lovesickness...etc. These amusing stories seem to give the audience a laugh and serve as oil to greasa the machine of life. Especially fool's stories are about human relations with an axis woman in most cases.
In short, the study of Korean oral literature in this study centers around the image of ancienct Korean women as vividly reflected in diversity jests and other stories of and perseverant enough to overcome ecery trial and misfortune that befeell them.
Thus I consider Korean oral literture should be further excavated and studied more vigorously in the future. I should like to extend my gratitude to the senior scholars who ahve been willing to provide me with valuable materials, Any suggestion and criticism of this study would be sincerely appreciated.
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