두 여성 과학자의 반란 : 과학과 젠더 Science and Gender 이블린 팍스 켈러와 다나 해러웨이를 중심으로 Evelyn Fox Keller and Donna Haraway = The Rebellion of Two Women Scientists

국문 초록 (Abstract)

근래 과학 부문에서 통상적으로 받아들여지던 과학 지식의 보편적ㆍ 객관적 성질에 이의를 제기하고 과학도 사회 ㆍ 문화의 영향에서 자유롭지 못하다고 주장하는 과학의 사회구성주의 논쟁이 대두되었다. 이에 힘입은 여성 과학자들은 오랫동안 과학계에 여성이 부재한 결과 과학 지식이 남성중심주의, 가부장제 등에 오염되고, 과학에 남성성이 부여되는 등 왜곡 현상이 있어 왔음을 주장하게 되었다. 이들은 그에 대한 해결책으로 소위 페미니즘 과학을 제시하면서, 자연 혹은 세계를 이분법적 세계가 아닌 차이를 인정하는 복수성의 세계로 이해할 것을 주장한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the second half of the twentieth century, the social constructionism suggesting the fact that scientific knowledge is not as impersonal and objective as we have traditionally considered and is subject to the effects of social and cultural environments came to be - even if partly - accepted in the general scientific community. And thanks to the social constructionism accepted, women scientists could insist that due to western philosophy dividing the world into Mind or the knowing subject and Nature or the known object, science was implicitly considered masculine and nature feminine and scientific knowledge was contaminated by patriarchy and phallo-centricism. It soon followed that women scientists in association with general feminists began to emphasize the urgent need of scientific feminism. And Evelyn Fox Keller and Donna Haraway studied in this paper belong to this group.
Keller tries to break up traditional dualism such as man/woman, science/nature, subject/object acknowledging dynamic objectivity which is a form of knowledge of other persons that draws explicitly on the commonality of feelings and experience and refusing static objectivity which severs subject from object. Citing the case of Barbara McClintock's life. she puts the accent on the scientific attitude of listening to objects or materials and trying to understand them, instead of forcing them into a certain pre-meditated concept.
Haraway also places emphasis on the importance of difference. citing several scientific fictions which deal with exterminism, extra-terrestrialism or star wars, drive men into accep difference and enjoying multiplicity. And she proceeds to suggest cyborg feminism as future alternative, because she thinds it transcends gender and allows partial perspectives and situated knowledge.