北韓의 詩歌 文學 = Literary Policy and Poetry in North-Korea
저자
金大幸 (梨花女子大學校 人文科學大學 國語國文學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1985
작성언어
Korean
KDC
800.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
5-96(92쪽)
소장기관
This is a survey on literary policy and activities of North-Korea.
North-Korean literary policy imposes rigid regulations for all literary activitied which they call "six principles" in the following.
1) the principle of fidelity to their party (the Labor Party) and activity for and by the working class and people
2) the principle of embodiment of national characteristics
3) the principle of keeping the methods of socialistic realism
4) the principle of creating and developing for and by the masses of people
5) the principle of reforming authors with revolutionists and man from working class
6) the principle of strengthening of the party's leading power
As each of these principles presents lines and limits of studying and writing of poetry, papers and poems and songs show their distinct tendencies as follows:
1) Under the principles of fidelity to their party, poems and songs can merely admire the line of their party and their leader Kim, Il Seong. Hence they must praise,
a) Kim, Il Seong and his family: Kim, Hyeong Jik (father), Kang, Ban Seok (mother), Kim, Jeong Sook (former wife) and Kim, Jeong Il (son).
b) the line of socialistic revolution by their party.
c) the happiness of living in the socialistic nation i.e. North-Korea.
d) Kim's "heroic activities" as partisan against Japanese Colonialism.
2) For the principle of working class, the poems and songs must,
a) encourage the working class' great power to construct a socialistic nation.
b) stimulate the working class to work more hardly.
c) induce poets themselves to participate in the working: the collective farm, industrial factory and so on.
3) In order to achieve the purpose of mass people,
a) poets must write poems so popular as to appeal to the general public.
b) the party should incite the masses to compose the songs and sing a song together.
4) Within the principle of embodiment of national characteristics,
a) scholars and poets are called upon to admire the beautiful landscape and "heroic tradition' of revolution.
b) especially, scholars are forced to collect and study the products of oral literature.
5) For executing the principle of socialistic realism,
a) the poets have to give cheers for their socialistic revolution and their leader Kim, Il Seong who is leading that revolution.
b) the poets have to write poems which incite the people for establishing the "socialistic stability."
c) they must encourage the so-colled revolutionist in South-Korea to revolt against their government. therefore, they creat the poems which describe "the miserable state of South-Korea": shoe shine boys, beggers with tin-can, poor board shacks and so on.
6) For the principle of 'the masses',
a) poets have to devote themselves to writing the kasa (verse) which is regarded as the most important one among the genres of poetry, because kasa can be sung and created by the masses.
b) they put heavy weight upon the writings of masses which do not present private emotion but public propaganda.
c) they attach importance to the oral poetry such as folk-song, especially, songs of partisan which were allegedly created by Kim, Il Seong and guerrillas of anti-Japan combat.
7) In order to fulfill the principle of alignment of authors and artists' ranks,
a) the government have systematized the 'Chosun Artist Federation' to control the artists and equipped the men from working class with artistic tool.
b) the government continued purging the artists with the inclination of bourgeois' thoughts.
8) For the principle of strengthening the party's leading power,
a) the party have been publishing the documents about their literary policy and commentary.
b) by the party, the scholars and poets are demanded to study and write poetry along the line of Kim, Il Seong's instructions.
In couclusion, we could not find any sense of humour of laughter in the poems and songs of North-Korea but abundant grim applauses and grave solemnity. These phenomena seemed to be originated from the view of socialistic literature; poetry for didacticism, for productive labor and for revolution.
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