바르톨로메 무리요의 성 요셉 像을 통해 본 17세기 스페인의 聖俗권력 구조 = Murillo’s Imagery of St. Joseph and the Ecclesiastical and Monarchical Politics in the Seventeenth-Century Spain

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, a seventeenth-century painter active in Seville, has been widely known for his genre-painting of decrepit children and the religious subject of the Immaculate Conception. This study, however, will explore the imagery of St. Joseph in Murillo’s paintings and point out its political significance as propaganda. I believe that the cult of St. Joseph and its depictions in Murillo’s paintings mirror the masculinization of the Catholic Church and the paternalist absolute-monarchy in the contemporary Spain. The elevated status of St. Joseph in Murillo’s paintings reveals the ecclesiastical and monarchical ideologies of the period. In this aspect, his imagery of the Holy Family related to the religious and secular power structures.
In the seventeenth century, the cult of St. Joseph contributed to the reinforced social hierarchy that comprehends family, religion and national politics. In the wake of the Catholic Reformation, the Church emphasized the role and authority of St. Joseph as the head of family. St. Joseph was given the duty to protect the Virgin and the Christ Child. Therefore, even the Virgin and Christ had to obey him. Such a patriarchal concept of family and St. Joseph’s role therein naturally extended to the likewise formulation of absolute monarchical ideology.
This essays analyzes the way Murillo emphasized St. Joseph’s roles as husband, father, and the highest saint in the subjects such as the Betrothal of the Virgin, Flight in to Egypt, and Joseph and the Child. In these paintings, Murillo clearly differentiated the figure of St. Joseph from earlier and even contemporary depictions, which still underestimated his role in an attempt to underscore the Virgin’s purity. As a painter closely associated with the post-Reformation Church in Spain, Murillo appears to have detected the change in the concept and cult of St. Joseph and wisely registered such trend in his paintings to distinguish his works.

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