'거주지 기준 고교입학제한 정책'에 대한 법적 고찰 : 학교선택권을 중심으로 Centered for the right of school choice = A study on the restrictive policy of the highschool entrance system on the basis of region by the legal perspective

국문 초록 (Abstract)

'학교선택권'은 우리 헌법이 명시하고 있는 ‘교육기본권’의 핵심적 내용임과 아울러 헌법 이전의 자연법으로부터 유래되는 ‘기본적 인권으로서의 교육권’을 실질적으로 보장하고 실현하기 위한 중요한 기재의 하나이다. 그러나 ‘고교평준화정책’과 함께 우리나라 고등학교 진학제도의 근간을 이루고 있는 ‘거주지기준 고교입학제한 정책’은 거주지라는 부모의 사회·경제적 지위가 개입되는 요소에 의하여 국민의 학교선택권을 심각하게 제한하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 헌법재판소는 지난 1995년 관련 판례에서 고교진학제도의 근거법령에 대하여 합헌 판결을 내린 바 있으나, 이는 다시금 재고되어야 한다. 거주지 기준의 고교입학제한 정책은 학교선택권과 함께 교육기회의 실질적 평등을 침해하는 것이며, 기본권제한의 한계로 일반적으로 논의되는 목적상의 한계, 형식상의 한계, 내용상의 한계, 방법상의 한계를 모두 일탈한 것이기 때문이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to investigate the legitimacy and constitutional compatibility of the policy which restricts peoples' highschool entrance on the basis of residence. For this purpose, this paper analyzes current Korean highschool admission system, clarifies the origin and meaning of the right to choose the school where people or there children will go, and decompose the Constitutional Court's ruling concerned.
Finding results are as follow.
First, the main point of the current choice of our high schools and entrance system for schools is based on residence related with the social, economical backgrounds of students' parents rather than their abilities to study. And especially in academic high schoolㄴ, the allocation system by drawing lots which is based on students' school district puts severe restriction on the right to choose the school of people in Korea.
Secondly, the right to choose the school is a kind of essential content of both "The Right of Education in Constitution" and "Educational Human Right Guaranteed with Natural Law" before constitution. Also it means the right to enter a school in which students want to be educated and learn what they want. In addition, it should not be trespassed by a country or any disinterested parties.
Thirdly, Constitutional Court said that "Education Law's enforcement ordinance", which is fundamentals of the entrance system of schools at that time, doesn't violate Constitution, even though the right to choose the school is admitted as "the right in Constitution" in the ruling concerned[91헌마204]. However, the restrictive policy of high school entrance, of which standard is students' living places, and the relating laws to it are invading the right to choose the school and the actual equality of educational opportunities as well. Moreover, it is logically right that this is against Constitution because the limitations of the purpose, the formality, the content and the manner are deviated completely.
In conclusion, the policy of high school entrance of which standard is students' living places never fail to be abolished because it trespasses on the right to choose the school severely, and the current entrance system of high schools should be investigated again entirely, in order to protect the right to choose the school and raise the educational power of local schools with much induction of their competitions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 우리나라 고등학교 진학제도의 현황
• Ⅲ. 학교선택권의 근거 및 의의
• Ⅳ. 舊교육법시행령 제71조 등에 대한 헌법소원 판례 분석
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract