중국 정사(正史)의 발해 기록 검토 = Review of Balhae Records in Chinese Official History

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, we confirmed the aspects of descriptions of Balhae in China's historical history, and through this, we examined changes in the perception of Balhae in China's successive dynasties.
Regarding the founder and subject of Balhae, the ｢Old Tang Dynasty｣ states that “Balhae Malgal Daejoyeong was originally a Goryeo branch” and that Daejoyeong’s origins were from Goryeo. However, the ｢New Tang Dynasty｣ states that “Balhae was originally attached to the Goryeo Dynasty.” He is his son, and his surname is Dae,” revealing the investment from the Balhae royal family, not Daejoyeong. ｢New Five Dynasty History｣ said, “Balhae was originally called Malgal and was a separate species of Goryeo.” ‘Balhae Malgal’ in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty is interpreted to mean ‘Balhae is Malgal’.
It is also described in ｢Song History｣'s Balhae History and Jeonganguk History that Balhae is connected to Goguryeo, and the perception of ｢Song History｣ reflects the perception of the people of the time. In ｢Liao History｣, the records of the beginning of the attack on Balhae by Khitan, the fall of Buyeo Castle, the surrender of the Dae In-seon, the renaming of Dongdan-guk, and the resistance of Balhae Province and State are primary data that are not found in other regular histories.
The explanation in the book of ｢Jin History｣ and the Goryeo Chronicles is understood to mean that the people of the Jin Dynasty went to the Malgal that had grown up in Goryeo, especially Sokmalmalgal and Heuksumalgal. Sokmalmalgal directly refers to Balhae. In the process of describing that the actions of Jin's ancestors, Sokmal Malgal and Heuksu Malgal, are related to Goguryeo, the predecessor of Goryeo, Balhae appears as a country founded by Sokmal Malgal, who was subordinate to Goguryeo.
｢Yuan History｣ Goryeo Chronicles and ｢Ming History｣ Joseon Chronicles explain the history of Goryeo and Joseon, and establish the existence of Balhae by saying that between Goguryeo and Goguryeo, Goguryeo refugees moved east, received investiture, and became independent. The perception of Korean history in the Goryeo legend of ｢Yuan History｣ and the Joseon legend of ｢Ming History｣ can be said to be the flow of Gojoseon - Goguryeo - (Balhae) - Goryeo.

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