KCI등재
空間活動保險法律問題及中國狀況:基於空間商業化最新發展的分析 = Legal aspects of insurance regarding space activities and the situation in China: an analysis based on the new development of space commercialization
저자
발행기관
학술지명
한국항공우주정책·법학회지(The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy )
권호사항
발행연도
2017
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
558
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
385-417(33쪽)
제공처
空間活動保險可以簡單的總結爲衛星保險、宇航員保險以及空間活動第三方責任險三種類型。在空間商業化尤其是空間私營化快速發展的大背景下,現有的有關空間活動保險的國際和國內法律制度面臨著挑戰。作爲一個正在加大力度發展本國空間商業活動的空間大國,中國的有關空間保險的法律規定値得討論。
現階段,有關衛星保險的制度發展良好,相關保險公司有能力爲衛星提供“發射前保險”,“發射階段保險”以及“衛星在軌保險”。中國於1997年成立的“中國航天保險聯合體”則致力於爲中國衛星發射提供保險。但是,隨著越來越多的私營實體參與到空間以及衛星工業活動之中,有必要對在“中國航天保險聯合體”?架下建立的諸多制度進行相應的調整。同時,應該進一步加强保險經紀人在私人空間及衛星活動中的作用。
宇航員被視爲人類派往外空的使者,幷且相關的國際法律規範中已經明確確定了宇航員的法律地位幷且要求各締約國對於處在緊急狀況下的宇航員予以必要的協助。從國內法的角度看,相關政府會爲宇航員購買全額保險。中國人壽保險公司爲宇航員創設了特種類型的“宇航員團體保險”,在不同時段爲宇航員提供階梯式保額。但是,値得注意的是,一旦外空旅遊發展爲一個産業,則有必要關注專門針對外空遊客的保險制度。爲了促進中國國內外空旅遊業的發展,建議將中國人壽保險公司創制的“宇航員團體保險”作爲一個可選模式提供給外空遊客。尤其是如果這些遊客是政府擁有的外空旅遊公司的客戶的情形下。而當私人實體開始參與提供軌道包括亞軌道旅遊服務,則需要重新考慮制定相應的有關外空遊客的保險制度。
一般而言,獲得一分第三方責任保險是申請人獲得空間物體發射許可證的必要條件。國內法中也會規定空間物體發射許可證申請人購買第三方責任險的義務。
中國2002年“民用航天發射項目許可證管理暫行辦法”意識到了第三方責任險的重要意義,規定許可證持有人在相應空間發射項目進入發射場之前購買第三方責任保險。這一規定與許多國家的做法存在差異。考慮到中國是亞洲地區唯一一個政府間空間合作組織,卽亞太空間合作組織的東道國,爲了促進未來的商業空間合作,有必要考慮對不同國家國內空間法進行協調的問題。
Insurances of space activities are divided into satellite insurance, astronaut insurance and third party liability insurance. Against the background of the rapid development of space commercialization, especially the increasing participation of private entities in space affairs, the present international and domestic mechanisms of space insurance are challenged. As a space-faring state which is in the process of developing space businesses, the regulations of space insurance in China are deserved to be discussed.
Satellites insurance is at present well-developed, the “pre-launch”, “launch” and “in-orbit” phases of satellites are all possible to be insured by related companies. China created the CAIA in 1997 to provide insurance for Chinese satellites. However, with more private entities start to involve in space as well as satellite industry, the regime established under the framework of CAIA is necessary to be modified, and the mechanism relating to space insurance brokers should be promoted. The astronauts are recognized as the envoy of humankind, and relevant international regulations are made to provide assistance to them in emergency circumstances.
From the domestic perspective, astronauts will be fully insured. China creates a particular type of insurance for astronauts. However, once space tourism becomes a business, the insurance of the tourist will be demanded to be created. In order to promote China`s space tourism, it is recommended to take the “Astronaut Group Insurance” as an optional model to space tourists, if the tourists are customers of a governmental-owned space company. Once private involvement of providing orbital/suborbital tourism service becomes a reality, new rules are required.
Getting a third party liability insurance is deemed as an indispensable precondition for an applicant to get a launch permission. Domestic space laws will include Insurances of space activities are divided into satellite insurance, astronaut insurance and third party liability insurance. Against the background of the rapid development of space commercialization, especially the increasing participation of private entities in space affairs, the present international and domestic mechanisms of space insurance are challenged. As a space-faring state which is in the process of developing space businesses, the regulations of space insurance in China are deserved to be discussed.
Satellites insurance is at present well-developed, the “pre-launch”, “launch” and “in-orbit” phases of satellites are all possible to be insured by related companies. China created the CAIA in 1997 to provide insurance for Chinese satellites. However, with more private entities start to involve in space as well as satellite industry, the regime established under the framework of CAIA is necessary to be modified, and the mechanism relating to space insurance brokers should be promoted. The astronauts are recognized as the envoy of humankind, and relevant international regulations are made to provide assistance to them in emergency circumstances.
From the domestic perspective, astronauts will be fully insured. China creates a particular type of insurance for astronauts. However, once space tourism becomes a business, the insurance of the tourist will be demanded to be created. In order to promote China`s space tourism, it is recommended to take the “Astronaut Group Insurance” as an optional model to space tourists, if the tourists are customers of a governmental-owned space company. Once private involvement of providing orbital/suborbital tourism service becomes a reality, new rules are required.
Getting a third party liability insurance is deemed as an indispensable precondition for an applicant to get a launch permission. Domestic space laws will include provisions for the third party liability insurance. China`s “Interim Measures” of 2002 realizes the importance of third party liability insurance and requires the permit holder to get it before entering the launching site. This regulation is different from the practices of other states. Concerning that China is the sponsor of APSCO, for the purpose of promoting commercial space cooperation, a harmonized approach to domestic law is recommended to be found.provisions for the third party liability insurance. China`s “Interim Measures” of 2002 realizes the importance of third party liability insurance and requires the permit holder to get it before entering the launching site. This regulation is different from the practices of other states. Concerning that China is the sponsor of APSCO, for the purpose of promoting commercial space cooperation, a harmonized approach to domestic law is recommended to be found.
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